1
a city that is an independent political state with its own ruling government
city-state
in ancient Greece, a form of government in which the male citizens held ruling power and made decisions; in modern times, a form of government in which citizens choose the leaders by vote
democracy
a person who is legally recognized as a member or subject of a country or state
citizen
a long poem that tells the story of a hero’s adventures
epic poem
the period from the death of Alexander in 323 BCE to 30 BCE is often known as ____________.
The Hellenistic Period
a peninsula in southwestern Asia; today most of this area is the country of Turkey
Asia Minor
a nation that promises to help another nation in wartime
ally
This is a temple to Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom, for whom the city of Athens
The Parthenon
After what battle did a messenger run twenty-six miles to Athens, gasped out his victory announcement, “Rejoice, we conquer!”, and died of exhaustion.
Marathon
a group of soldiers who attack in close formation with their shields overlapping and spears pointed forward
phalanx
a government led by a king or a queen
monarchy
a group that works together to achieve common goals
league
Athens and Sparta fought in this war
Peloponnesian
a group of people from the upper class or nobility who helped govern Sparta
aristocratic council
the upper or noble class whose members’ status is usually inherited
aristocracy
a group of people; in ancient Greece, they made laws.
assembly
_____________and his army attacked Asia Minor and conquered it. He faced the Persian king Darius III in a battle
Alexander the Great
a type of government in which one person illegally seizes all power, usually ruling in a harsh and brutal way; a dictatorship
tyranny
a government controlled by a small group of people made up of aristocratic and wealthy nonaristocratic families
oligarchy
This person helped the Athenian empire grow stronger. He led armies in victorious campaigns. He helped keep the other members of the Delian League in line. He supervised the establishment of a number of Athenian colonies.
Pericles
During this battle, the Athenian navy lured the Persian fleet into shallow, narrow waters between the mainland and the islands. There, the Greek ships rammed and sank the Persian ships. The Greeks had also filled their boats with soldiers, who attacked the men on board the Persian ships.
Salamis