Geography
What is the name of the largest island in Greece? (Bonus 100: What early monarchy lived on that island?)
Crete (Bonus: Minoans)
Where were the gods said to live in Greece?
On top of Mount Olympus
What is the difference between comedy and tragedy?
Both are types of plays; comedies are humorous with happy endings; tragedies tell sad stories about the downfall of heroes
What does the word "acropolis" mean in ancient Greek?
literally the high (acro) city (polis); built on the highest part of the polis
What did each society use for currency?
Athens used coins; Sparta used iron bars
Describe the physical geography of Greece and how it impacted the first communities.
mountainous and rocky land as well as many islands separated by sea (and storms!); this geography separated and isolated early communities (who later deveoped strategies to travel, mostly by boat!)
What were the Olympics, and how do they relate to religion?
Athletic competition (ex. racing, wrestling, ong jump, javelin, discus) between poleis every four years; they played these sports to honor the gods (and to compete/show off, test soldiers' skills, enjoy entertainment)
What are the most common kinds of artwork we have today from Ancient Greece?
statues and pottery (they last the test of time!); (we also have jewelry and fresco paintings)
Who was allowed to vote in Sparta's gerousia?
A small group of 30 men over 60 years old who come from a small group of elite families (they inherit their position in the government because of their family's status in the polis)
How did people in Sparta treat children? (more than one correct answer from the reading)
Two examples from the text: sent boys to military school at age 7; left weak babies out to die;
What did ancient Greeks invent to make farming easier, and how does it work? ALSO, name 2+ major crops they grew.
They carved terraces or sections of flat farmland into mountainsides like steps; they grew crops like olives and grapes (also barley, wheat, chickpeas, lentils, cucumbers, nuts, apples, pears, and more).
Name 4+ Greek gods and 1+ thing that each represents.
Zeus/king+sky, Aphrodite/love+beauty, Apollo/music+light+healing, Ares/war, Artemis/hunting, Athen/wisdom+war+crafts, Demeter/farming+seasons, Hephaestus/fire+metalwork, Hera/queen+marriage+women, Hermes/messenger+roads+dreams, Hestia/hearth+home, Poseidon/sea+water,
What are 3+ types of buildings that Greek architects often designed?
temples, theaters, meeting places, homes, city walls
Name and define the 4 types of government.
Monarchy (ruled by one), Oligarchy (ruled by a few), Democracy (ruled by the people), Tyranny (ruled by an illegimate and/or authorarian ruler)
Which polis took more legal rights away from women? Give at least one example of a legal limit on women's freedom.
Athens (did NOT allow women to inherit property, speak to husband's friends, participate in government; go to school; few jobs or public roles for women)
Name and define the five types of places that ancient Greeks built in each polis.
Acropolis: highest point with temple (originally a fort!); Agora: marketplace downtown; City wall to protect the polis from invaders, farmland (duh!), harbor for boats and trade
Describe at least three rituals, objects, and/or places that Greeks used to worship their gods.
Correct answers include: temples, statues, altars, priests, sacrifices, orcles, soothsayers, festivals
Name 2+ scientists or scholars and something specific that they achieved.
Eratosthenes (estimate circumferance of Earth), Ptolemy (Earth at center of universe), Aristarchus (relatioships between sun/moon/Earth and size of sun); Hypatia (wrote about geometry, astronomy, and philosophy), Arhcimedes (engineering including rule lever, compound pulley, water lifting device for irrigation, inspiration for future engineers!), Euclid ("father of geometry" and textbook writer); philosophers Socrates, Aristotle, Plato; historians Herodotus and Thucydides; playwright Sophocles; epic poet Homer; fable writer Aesop
Explain the difference between the three meetings in Athens' government: the Boule, the Ekklesia, and the Dikasteria.
Boule: proposes laws for the Ekklesia, 500 citizens at a time chosen by lottery; Ekklesia/Assembly: meeting to decide on laws; any citizen over 18 allowed in to discuss and vote (generals facilitate); Dikasteria: court systems to interpret laws (citizens also pariticipate)
Describe some of the major values held by each polis' culture
Athens: arts, education and scholarship, ceremonies, sports, trade, tourism, (also slavery); Sparta: military strength, basic education, skills, protection, (conquering land and using helots instead of building trade relationships)