Chapter 1
What was a polis?
A polis was an independent Greek city-state with its own government and surrounding farmland.
Why is Athens remembered in history?
It is known as the birthplace of democracy.
What was Sparta known for?
Its powerful military and strict warrior culture.
Why were the Olympic Games originally held?
When did the first Olympic Games take place?
To honor Zeus as part of a religious festival.
776 BCE.
Who led Athens during its Golden Age?
Why is this period called the Golden Age?
Because Athens experienced great achievements in art, architecture, drama, and philosophy.
Pericles.
Because Athens experienced great achievements in art, architecture, drama, and philosophy.
Why is it misleading to think of ancient Greece as one country?
Because Greece was made up of many independent city-states, not one unified nation
What was the Assembly?
A group where Athenian male citizens debated and voted on laws and important issues.
How were Spartan boys raised?
they were trained from age seven to be soldiers and lived in barracks.
How often were the games held?
What was the Olympic truce?
31. What prize did winners receive?
Held: Every four years.
Olympic Truce:An agreement among city-states to stop fighting during the games.
Prize:A wreath of olive leaves and great honor.
What famous building was constructed during this time?
Where was the Parthenon built?
What were Greek tragedies and comedies?
The Parthenon.
On the Acropolis.
Types of plays performed in large outdoor theaters.
What did Greek city-states have in common?
They spoke Greek, worshiped the same gods, and participated in shared events like the Olympic Games.
Who could participate in Athenian democracy?
Male citizens who were at least 18, not enslaved, and born to two Athenian parents.
How long did Spartan military training last?
What were helots?
About 23 years, with service continuing until age 60.
Enslaved people who worked the land for Sparta.
Who could compete and watch?
What were some Olympic events?
What was the pankration?
Free Greek men; women (except priestesses) and enslaved people could not watch.
Events:Footraces, discus, javelin, long jump, wrestling, pankration, and pentathlon.
Pankration: A brutal combination of boxing and wrestling with very few rules.
Who fought in the Peloponnesian War?
What caused the war?
Athens and Sparta.
Rivalry and fear between the two powerful city-states.
Who was the chief Greek god? 5. What were the main types of government in Greek city-states?
Zeus
Monarchy, tyranny, aristocracy, oligarchy, and democracy.
What was ostracism?
What was the Boule?
A vote to banish a citizen from Athens for ten years.
A council of 500 citizens chosen by lot to help run the government.
Why did Spartans treat helots harshly?
How was Spartan government organized?
Because helots greatly outnumbered Spartans, and Spartans feared rebellion.
It had two kings, a council of elders, and an Assembly with limited power.
* Why did the Olympics stop in 393 CE?
When were the modern Olympics revived?
Roman Emperor Theodosius I ended them because they included pagan religious ceremonies.
1896 in Athens.
8. What weakened Athens during the war?
9. Who won the war?
10. What was a major result of the war?
Greek city-states were weakened and became vulnerable to outside invasion.
8.A deadly plague.
9- Sparta.
10-Greek city-states were weakened and became vulnerable to outside invasion.
6. What is tyranny?
7. What is democracy (in ancient Greece)?
8. Why were Greek city-states often weak against foreign invasion?
6-Rule by one person who seized power illegally.
7- A form of government in which male citizens shared power and made decisions.
8-Because they were divided and frequently fought each other.
How were juries different in Athens?
What were the limits of Athenian democracy?
What was rhetoric?
Juries-They were very large (sometimes 501 members) to prevent corruption.
Limitations:Women, enslaved people, and foreigners could not vote or participate in government.
Rhetoric-The skill of speaking effectively and persuasively.
How did Spartan life differ from Athenian life?
What is a phalanx?
Sparta focused on discipline and military strength; Athens valued art, education, and debate.
A tight military formation where soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder with shields
Why did the Persian Wars begin?
Which Greek city-state helped the rebels?
Why were the Persian Wars important?
Greek city-states in Asia Minor rebelled against Persian rule and asked for help.
Athens (Sparta refused).
They united Greek city-states temporarily and helped protect Greek independence.
11.Who was Socrates?
12. What is the Socratic Method?
13. Why was Socrates put to death?
14. How did Socrates die?
11-A Greek philosopher who questioned people about truth and morality.
12-Teaching by asking questions to encourage critical thinking.
13-He was accused of corrupting the youth and disrespecting the gods.
14- By drinking poison (hemlock).