Gods & Goddesses
How many Olympian gods/goddesses are there?
12
The formative phase of Greek civilization spanned 400 years (from 1100-700 BC). One of the earliest recorded events occurred in 776 BC; this date marks the founding of the _______________ Games.
Olympian
This is the oldest Greek style in art.
Geometric
Name the 3 classical architectural orders.
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
What is a "kouros" or "kore"?
a very early Greek statue of a nude youth
Noted for its: block-conscious style, slim, broad-shouldered silhouette, clenched fists, wiglike treatment of the hair. It is truly freestanding.
2-part question:
What kind of god is Prometheus?
What is gift did Prometheus give to humanity?
demi-god
fire
The clans that first arrived in Greece lived in areas that were referred to as...
city-states
Explain how the "Orientalizing" style is different from the "Geometric" style
It focused on a narrative element (depicting subjects from Greek myths and legends).
When looking at the plans of Greek temples, what is the name for the nucleus or center of the temple?
cella or naos (the room in which the image of the deity is placed)
Early Greek statues have an unintentional military air, as if they are soldiers standing at attention. It took more than a century for the Greeks to make a figure stand at ease. What is the stance that allows the weight of the body to shift from equal distribution on both legs called?
contrapposto (or counterpoise)
This is the goddess of: war, peace, the protector of heroes, the patron of arts and crafts, and wisdom.
Athena
Around 725BC a style merged known as the "Orientalizing" style. Why was it called that?
The Eleusis amphora depicts the story of Odysseus defeating Polyphemos. Who is Polyphemos?
A cyclops
The term Doric order refers to the standard parts and their sequence. The 3 main divisions include: the stepped platform, the columns, and the _________?
entablature
What is the "Severe" style of Greek art?
A style that expresses a passionate struggle not only through action and gesture but through the motions mirrored in the faces (meant to reveal the inner person and, with it, arete [excellence or virtue]).
Name the 2 gods who were important to Greek art?
Apollo (civilization, prophecy, medicine, flocks, herds)
Dionysus (fertility, wine, peace, hospitality, the arts)
This war (431-404 BC)was the most notable war between the Spartans and the Athenians.
The Peloponnesian War
(It left Greece weak.)
The Dipylon vase was found in the Dipylon cemetery. It is a good example of the Geometric style. This vase has holes in its base. Why?
So that liquid offerings could filter below to the dead
In 480 BC, the Persians destroyed the temple and statues on the Acropolis, the sacred hill above Athens. The rebuilding of the Acropolis was the artistic climax in the history of Greek architecture. This temple is considered "the greatest temple" completed before the Peloponnesian War.
the Parthenon (dedicated to the virgin goddess Athena, the patron deity in whose honor Athens was named)
What makes the "Hellenistic"style different from Classical statues?
pronounced realism and expressiveness, attention to drapery, attention to the pose of the body
Ex. Dying Trumpeter and Nike of Samothrace
2 part question:
What was unique about Athena's birth?
The city of Athens is named after Athena. What gift did Athena present to the people?
She was born out of Zeus's head.
Olive tree (versus Poseidon's saltwater spring)
Who were the last group of people to arrive in Greece?
The Aeolians
(Order of arrival: Mycenaeans, Dorians, Ionians, Aeolians)
The "Archaic" style emerged during the 7th century and is considered the "unfolding of artistic genius." Artists used the "black-figure style" and the "red-figure style." What does this mean?
Black figure = painted a silhouette in black against the reddish clay background.
Red figure = leaving the figures red and filling in the background
Expressions of force and counterforce in both Doric and Ionic temples were proportioned so exactly that their opposition produced the effect of a perfect balancing of forces and a harmonizing of sizes and shapes.
What is the earliest known large female nude in Greek art called?
The Niobid
(shows the quality of pathos [suffering])