Vowels and Diphthongs
Which Greek vowels are always short?
ο and ε
Name and define the two types of breathing marks
᾽Smooth (no h sound) and rough ῾(h sound)
ἡ, ὁ, τό
καρδιά, ἡ
heart (cardiologist, cardiac, etc)
γῆ, ἡ
earth, land, ground (geology)
η and ω
Where are the three possible places you will find a breathing mark?
on an opening vowel, on the second letter of a diphthong at the beginning of a word, and on a rho.
δε
and, but, now
φωνή, ἡ
voice or sound (phonetics, phone, phonograph)
ζωή, ἡ
life (zoo, zoology)
Pronounce these diphthongs:
αι
ει
ου
"eye/I", "ei" as in "eight", and "ou" as in "soup"
Give the names for the last three syllables in a word
the antepenult, the penult, and the ultima
και
and, even, also (strong AND)
δόξα, ἡ
glory or majesty (doxology)
εκκλησία, ἡ
church, congregation, assembly (ecclesiastical)
What is a diphthong?
2 vowels joining up to make a new vowel sound
Name the three types of accents in Greek
acute ´, grave `, and circumflex ῀
μεν
on the one hand, indeed
αγάπη, ἡ
love
βασίλεια, ἡ
kingdom, reign
Name all the Greek Vowels
η, ι, ο, ω, α, ε, υ
period .
comma ,
semicolon (high dot which looks like a semicolon without the comma on the bottom)
question mark ;
ἁμαρτία, ἡ
sin (harmartiology)
αλήθεια, ἡ
truth
ημέρα, ἡ
day (ephemeral)