Greek History
1 . What was the name of the stone machine used by ancient Athenians to randomly select juries in order to prevent bribery ?
A. Parthenon
B. Ostracon
C. Kleroterion
D. Agora
C. Kleroterion
1 . The modern Olympic sequence was interrupted by an unofficial games in 1906 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the movement's revival. What name is commonly used by historians for these games ?
A . Centennial Games
B . Jubilee Games
C . Intercalated Games
D . Intermediate Games
C. Intercalated Games
1 . Where is the deepest point of the Atlantic Ocean located, and what is its exact name ?
A . Milwaukee
B . Chanllenger
C . Meteor Deep
D . Romanche deep
A. Milwaukee
1: In culinary science, what is the name of the chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives browned foods, like seared steak, their distinctive flavor ?
A) Oxidation
B) Caramelization
C) The Maillard reaction
D) Fermentation
C) The Maillard reaction
1: In 1856, during the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India, Mount Everest was calculated to be exactly 29,000 feet tall. Why did Andrew Waugh officially record it as 29,002 feet (8,840 m)?
A) To account for the estimated thickness of the snow cap
B) To prevent people from thinking 29,000 was just a rounded estimate
C) Because atmospheric refraction was known to reduce measured heights by 2 feet
D) To account for tectonic uplift predicted over the next decade
B) To prevent people from thinking 29,000 was just a rounded estimate
2 . Which elite ancient Greek military unit had a special composition consisting of exactly 150 pairs of male lovers ?
A. Spartan Hoplites
B. The Sacred Band of Thebes
C. Persian Immortals
D. Macedonian Cavalry
B. The Sacred Band of Thebes
2 . In 2021, the IOC approved the first change to the Olympic motto since 1894. Which Latin word was added after 'Citius, Altius, Fortius ?
A . Communiter
B . Unita
C . Semper
D . Simul
A. Communiter
2 . Which of the following peculiar geographical features characterizes the Sargasso Sea—the only region in the world to possess it?
A . Has the lowest salinity in the ocean .
B . No land border .
C . Located entirely below sea level .
D. Has water temperatures that remain constantly at freezing.
B. No land border
2: Saffron is considered the world's most expensive spice by weight. From which specific flower is it harvested?
A) Hibiscus sabdariffa
B) Crocus sativus
C) Lavandula angustifolia
D) Rosa damascena
B) Crocus sativus
2: Which physiological condition—caused by fluid accumulating in the brain due to extreme low pressure and hypoxia—is one of the most dangerous forms of altitude sickness above 8,000 meters?
A) High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
B) High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)
C) Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
D) High Altitude Retinopathy (HAR)
B) High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)
3 . Which great ancient Greek mathematician and inventor is famous for the quote "Give me a place to stand, and I shall move the Earth" and the anecdote of shouting "Eureka!" while taking a bath ?
A. Archimedes
B. Pythagoras
C. Socrates
D. Aristarchus of Samos
D. Aristarchus of Samos
3 . Who is the only athlete in history to win gold medals at both the Summer and Winter Olympics in different individual sports ?
A . Christa Luding - Rothenburger
B . Calara Hughes
C .Eddie Egan
D . Gillis Grafstrom
C. Eddie Egan
3 . At approximately what average annual rate is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge spreading?
A . 0,5 cm per year
B. 2,5 cm per year
C . 25 cm per year
D . 10 cm per year
B. 2,5 cm per year
3: Fugu, the famous Japanese pufferfish delicacy, can be lethal if prepared incorrectly. What is the scientific name of the potent toxin it contains?
A) Tetrodotoxin
B) Botulinum
C) Ciguatoxin
D) Solanine
A) Tetrodotoxin
3: What is the geological origin of the rocks located at the very summit of Mount Everest (the Qomolangma Formation)?
A) Precambrian granite formed deep within the Earth's mantle
B) Ordovician marine limestone formed at the bottom of the ancient Tethys Ocean
C) Cenozoic volcanic basalt resulting from the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates
D) Metamorphic quartzite created by intense heat and pressure during the Himalayan uplift
B) Ordovician marine limestone formed at the bottom of the ancient Tethys Ocean
4 . What was the name of the sacred beverage (believed to contain hallucinogens) used in the secret rituals dedicated to the goddess Demeter ?
A. Kykeon
B. Nectar
C. Ambrosia
D. Oracular Wine
A. Kykeon
4 . The current standard Marathon distance (42.195 km) was officially established based on the route of which Olympics so the finish line was in front of the Royal Box ?
A . London 1908
B . Athens 1896
C . Paris 1900
D . St.Louis 1904
A. London 1908
4 .Where in the Atlantic Ocean is the 'Lost City' hydrothermal field located, and why is it special?
A . The island of Iceland
B . Puerto Rico Trench
C . Mexico Bay
D . Atlantis massif
D. Atlantis massif
4: Casu Marzu is a traditional and highly restricted sheep milk cheese from Sardinia, Italy. What unusual "living" ingredient does it intentionally contain?
A) Live earthworms
B) Fermented yeast
C) Live insect larvae (maggots)
D) Active bacteria cultures
C) Live insect larvae (maggots)
4: Who were the first two climbers to achieve a verified summit of Mount Everest without using supplemental oxygen, accomplished in May 1978?
A) Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler
B) Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay
C) Jerzy Kukuczka and Andrzej Czok
D) Junko Tabei and Ang Zangbu
A) Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler
5. Which Greek king converted to Buddhism and became the main character in the Buddhist text "Milinda Panha" ?
A. Alexander the Great
B. King Leonidas
C. King Menander I (Milinda)
D. King Philip II
C. King Menander I (Milinda )
5 . In the Ancient Olympics, the winner of the 'Pentathlon' was considered the greatest. Which of the following was NOT part of the ancient pentathlon ?
A . Discus
B . Javelin
C . Prankration
D . Long jump
C. Prankration
5 . In which year was the first technically successful transatlantic telecommunications cable (albeit one that operated only briefly) laid ?
A . 1844
B . 1855
C . 1901
D . 1858
D. 1858
5: What is the name of the microscopic insect (aphid) that devastated the vast majority of European wine vineyards in the late 19th century?
A) Aphididae
B) Phylloxera
C) Spider mite
D) Mealybug
B) Phylloxera
5: Near the summit on the Southeast Ridge route lies the "Hillary Step," a famous vertical rock face. What geological event in 2015 is believed to have collapsed or altered this landmark?
A) The Great Himalayan Cyclone
B) The April 2015 Nepal Earthquake
C) The 2015 Everest Ice Avalanche
D) Glacial retreat caused by rapid climate warming
B) The April 2015 Nepal Earthquake