What structure is the main cause of erosion in logging?
roads
100
Clearing the land & then preventing growth on that land re the 2 stages of what environmentally harmful process?
deforestation
100
What fossil fuel did the build up of dead trees create?
coal
100
What percentage of CO2 is currently in the atmosphere?
.04%
200
Do pine and spruce bark beetle prefer dead or living trees?
Living
200
What acreage does the term "clear-cut" have associated with it?
none
200
how many gigatonnes of carbon in the form of CO2 does the atmosphere hold?
750
200
(0 million years ago trees developed lignin, these dead trees accumulated to what depth?
100 meters
200
If trends had continued and humans had not extracted fossil fuels and put them back into the atmosphere, what could be expected to happen?
Another Ice age and/or plant death
300
How long do bark beetles live in a tree after hatching?
1-2 years
300
What year was the Kyoto Protocol passed?
1997
300
What are the 2 most significant causes of deforestation?
Agriculture and Urbanization
300
Name three greenhouse gases
CO2, methane, NO2, water vapor,
300
If CO2 were to drop below what PPM at what point in time would green plants start to die?
150 ppm
400
How does fire suppression affect bark beetle populations ?
Fire suppression may increase populations by allowing for trees to grow "artificially" long. More susceptible trees = more pests
400
What are three issues at the top of the international environmental agenda?
Climate change biodiversity and forests
400
Which type of forest does most deforestation occur in?
tropical or subtropical
400
Over the past 160 years global temperature has risen by how many degrees?
.8 degrees Celsius, or 33.4 F
400
What is the optimal PPM for plant growth?
2000ppm
500
How Do Bark Beetles Attack trees?
By burrowing under bark through sapwood while carrying spores of a fungi which then sprouts. The young eat this fungi once hatched. Essentially they damage the vascular system of the tree.
500
What is a problem with the campaign known as the zero cut policy?
Using less wood will result in the use of more non-renewable resources. Wood will have less economic value so there will be no reason to keep vast areas of forest.
500
Deforestation is responsible for what percent of global carbon emissions?
20%
500
50 million years ago the earths temperature was ___ than it is today? And the arctic and antarctic were covered in what?
16 degrees warmer and covered in forests
500
99% of carbon that is present in the atmosphere is found where currently?