The work of Gregor mendel
Specific characteristics (e.g. seed color, plant height) of an individual
Trait
Genetic makeup
Genotype
One allele is not completely dominant over another. E.g. When a red flower parent and a white flower parent produce a pink offspring, incomplete = blend
Incomplete dominance
Created from cross of true-breeding individuals
Hybrid
Physical characteristics
Phenotype
The phenotypes for both alleles are clearly expressed. E.g Black feathered parent and white feathered parent produce a both black and white feathered offspring, codominance = checkered
Codominance
Passed down from one generation to the next; determine an individual's characteristics
Genes
Has two identical alleles for a gene
Homozygous
Many genes exist in more than two forms. E.g human blood types
Multiple alleles
The different forms of a gene
Alleles
Has two different alleles for a gene
Heterozygous
Many traits are produced by the interaction of several genes. E.g Coat color and texture in dogs
Polygenic traits
Separation of alleles during gamete formation
Segregation
Genes for different traits can segregate independently during gamete formation
Independent assortment
Environmental conditions can affect gene expression and influence genetically determined traits
Genes and environment