1
This theory of psychology believes in conditioning, rewards/punishments (Skinner, Pavlov)
Behaviorism
In experimental study, studying different groups at one time
Cross-Sectional Study
Summarize data (e.g., mean, range).
Descriptive Statistics
Infant turns head toward touch on cheek to find nipple for feeding.
Rooting Reflex
Incorporating new information into existing schemas (mental frameworks).
Assimilation
Freud's theory of psychology which focuses on unconscious, id/ego/superego, childhood experiences.
Psychoanalytic
In experimental study, studying same subjects over time.
Longitudinal Study
Allow generalizations from sample to population (e.g., significance testing).
Inferential Statistics
Mental representations of objects or ideas, key in language development.
Symbols
Defense mechanism justifying behavior (e.g., blaming others).
Rationalization
Watching behavior in natural settings.
Naturalistic Observation
Control group experiences changes due to belief in treatment.
Placebo Effect
Using words to represent objects; humans and some animals (e.g., chimps) share basic understanding, but humans excel in grammar and reorganization.
Symbolic Language
Vygotsky's concept of the gap between what a child can do alone and with help from others.
Zone of Proximal Development
This theory of adolescent development believes it is a time of turbulence
Storm and Stress (Hall)
Experimental study focusing in-depth on one individual
Case Study
A specific experiment that studied obedience; ethical issues include deception and psychological stress on participants ("teachers" believed shocks were real).
Milgram Experiment
This family style sets limits but accepts reasoning with the child
Authoritative (Democratic)
Rapid learning in animals where they form attachments during a critical period.
Imprinting
This theory of adolescent development believes it can be a time of enjoyment and not always stressful
Cultural View (Mead)
In an experimental study, when every member of population has equal chance (e.g., drawing names).
Random Sample
Measures like mean (average), median, mode
Central Tendency
Infant tightly grips objects placed in hand.
Grasping Reflex
Adjusting existing schemas to fit new information.
Accommodation
24-hour biological clocks regulating appetite, sleep.
Circadian Rhythms