Nervous System Organization
Anatomy of a Neuron
Brain Structures & Functions
Cranial Nerves & Functions
Speech & Motor Control
100
This division of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and serves as the primary processing center.
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
100
This part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons.
What are dendrites?
100
This outermost layer of the brain is responsible for higher‑order thinking, decision‑making, and conscious awareness.
What is the cerebral cortex?
100
This cranial nerve is responsible for smell.
What is the olfactory nerve (CN I)?
100
This area is responsible for the motor planning and production of speech.
What is Broca's area?
200
This division of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscle movement.
What is the somatic nervous system?
200
This fatty substance insulates the axon and speeds up neural conduction.
What is myelin?
200
This structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres and allows them to communicate with each other.
What is corpus callosum?
200
This cranial nerve controls eye movement and pupil constriction.
What is the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?
200
This area is responsible for the comprehension and processing of spoken language.
What is Wernicke's area?
300
This division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for stress and “fight or flight” responses.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
300
This term describes the brief change in electrical charge that travels down the axon during neural firing.
What is an action potential?
300
This structure, composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla, regulates vital functions like breathing and heart rate.
What is the brainstem?
300
This cranial nerve is responsible for facial expression.
What is the facial nerve (CN VII)?
300
This cortical region controls voluntary motor movements involved in speech production.
What is the motor cortex?
400
This division of the autonomic nervous system promotes relaxation, digestion, and energy conservation.
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
400
These chemical messengers are released into the synaptic cleft to transmit signals between neurons.
What are neurotransmitters?
400
This lobe includes the precontrol cortex and is responsible for executive functions such as decision-making, planning, and impulse control.
What is the frontal lobe?
400
This cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and balance.
What is the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)?
400
This neural pathway connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas and is essential for coordinated language processing.
What is the arcuate fasciculus?
500
This subdivision of the peripheral nervous system controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
500
Damage to this specific part of the neuron disrupts saltatory conduction and is characteristic of demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis.
What are the nodes of Ranvier?
500
This limbic system structure is essential for forming new long‑term memories; damage here can result in anterograde amnesia.
What is the hippocampus?
500
This cranial nerve plays a major role in speech and swallowing by controlling the larynx and pharynx.
What is the vagus nerve (CN X)?
500
Damage to this area can result in non-fluent, effortful, and agrammatic speech production.
What is Broca’s aphasia?