Generations
Native in the heritage language
Who are 1st-gen. heritage speakers?
Stronger knowledge of early vocabulary vs. later
Who are adult heritage speakers?
First exposed to one language (L1) and then to the second one (L2)
What is sequential bilingualism?
Parent education and parent proficiency in heritage language
What are two factors that impact the acquisition of a heritage language at the family level?
None-intermediate proficiency in heritage language
Slower vocabulary growth than monolinguals
Family influences (gender, siblings, peers)
Societal factors (prestige of language in communities)
Age at majority language learning and cognition
What factors impacted the acquisition of a heritage language at the child level?
Children who immigrated before school-age years.
Who are Gen 1.5 heritage speakers?
Children who learn a heritage lang. first, then is introduced to dominant lang.
Who are Sequential Bilinguals?
Instruct in child’s first langaue and gradually phase out
What is transitional bilingual education?
Heritage language use at home
What is a factor that impacts the acquisition of a heritage language at the family level?
Low-high proficiency in heritage language
Who are 2nd-gen. heritage speakers?
Children exposed/learning two languages from birth
Who are Simultaneous Bilinguals?
de-emphasize native language, portions of the day are dedicated to explicit teaching of English language
What is sheltered/structured English immersion (SEI)?
Size of heritage language community and heritage language education opportunities
What factors impacted the acquisition of a heritage language at the community level?
Native in the majority language.
Who are gen 1.5, 2nd, & 3rd heritage speakers?
Refers to acquiring properties of the language differently from monolingual speakers.
What is differential acquisition?
This model, based on narrative retell samples from over 1,500 Spanish-speaking English Learners, shows that in Spanish, higher initial MLUw predicts faster growth, while in English, learners with lower MLUw and NDW are expected to catch up to peers over time
What is the English Learner Language Growth Model (ELGrowth)?
Richness of the heritage language environment and attitudes towards heritage language
What are two factors that impact the acquisition of a heritage language at the family level?