Control of Gene Expression I
This first step of eukaryotic gene expression control can be referred to as " the rate limiting step" of gene expression
What is Transcriptional Control?
This is the term for the highly condensed X chromosome that is the result of the inactivation of one X chromosome in XX individuals.
What is a Barr Body?
These are the main phospholipids in most animal cell membranes, which have a three-carbon glycerol backbone.
What are glycerophospholipids?
Type of channel that rapidly diffuse water across the lipid bilayer.
What are aquaporins?
Nearly 10% of genes encode these proteins that initiate the expression process of other proteins by "reading" the DNA for the specific structural motifs
What are Transcription Regulators/Factors?
Partial base-pairing of RISC to mRNA results in the storage of the mRNA in these condensate structures.
What are P-Bodies?
This lipid is an exception to the “flip-flop” rule in the lipid bilayer and can migrate from the leaflet on one side to the leaflet on the other.
What is cholesterol?
Calculates the equilibrium potential (aka resting membrane potential) for the ion.
What is the Nernst equation?
This Cis-Regulatory Binding Motif sits on DNA in a similar way to the Leucine Zipper, but includes a short flexible loop of amino acids between a long and short α-helix
What is a Helix-Hoop-Helix Motif?
The antithesis to alternative splicing, this process refers to the basic removal of introns and splicing of exons after transcription
What is Canonical Splicing?
A cell can create membrane domains by protein-protein interactions, such as interactions with macromolecules inside or outside the cell, on the surface of another cell, and this.
What is self-assemble into large aggregates?
The difference between the exterior and interior electrical potential aka electrical potential difference.
What is the membrane potential?
Successive steps of this, including acetylation and demethylation, must occur to open a nucleosome for transcription
What is Histone Modification?
This type of transcription regulators can bind directly to the cis-regulatory sequences of all genes for a specific cell type or control the expression of the downstream transcriptional regulators for specific cell types
What are Master Transcriptional Regulators (MTRs)?
This can be used to predict which parts of the polypeptide chain will form an alpha helix and cross the membrane.
What is a hydropathy plot?
Fuel for glucose transport
What is the Na+ gradient?
This is described as the phenomenon of cells altering patterns of gene expression in response to extracellular stimuli
What is Dynamic Adaptability?
This form of iRNA complexes with Piwi proteins to attack migrating transposons when the methylations that keep the transposons inactive are removed during gametogenesis
What are PiRNAs?
These form rigid scaffolds that deform the membrane or stabilize an already bent membrane.
What are membrane-bending proteins?
The distinct class of ATP-driven pumps.
What are F-type ATP synthases?