Topic 4
Located at the end of the chromosome, preventing degradation and is shortened with each cell division.
What is a telomere?
An initiator protein, made up of 6 subunits, that binds to DNA to prepare for DNA replication.
What is the origin recognition complex?
RNA sequences fated to be removed.
What are introns?
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and codon-anticodon base pairing.
What are the requirements of accurate translation?
A structural element that separates the nuclear/cytosolic compartments in eukaryotes but is absent in prokaryotes.
What is a nuclear envelope?
During DNA replication in eukaryotic cells, this polymerase is responsible for synthesizing the leading strand of DNA.
What is polymerase epsilon?
These are specific sequences in the DNA that serve as a binding site for an activator protein during transcription and can be far away from the promotor site.
What is an enhancer?
Along with high affinity between tRNAs and their corresponding amino acids, this process helps to increase the accuracy of the pairing by removing incorrectly bound amino acids using an editing pocket.
What is hydrolytic editing?
Grooves created in the double helix by the coiling of the two DNA strands around each other.
What are the Major Groove and the Minor Groove?
Primed by short RNA primers that are subsequently erased and replaced with DNA.
What is the Lagging Strand?
In response to superhelical tension, the DNA molecule can adopt this conformation
What is DNA supercoiling?
Surveillance system that the cell employs to detect mRNA molecules with a nonsense codon in the "incorrect" place; usually due to improper splicing.
What is nonsense-mediated mRNA decay?
This complex prevents crosstalk between adjacent chromatin domains of different structures and functions.
What is a barrier DNA protein complex?
A protein complex that assists in disassembling and reassembling nucleosomes during transcription by temporarily loosening the interaction between DNA and histones.
What is histone chaperone FACT?
Derived by comparing many sequences with the same basic function and tallying up the most common nucleotides found at each position.
What is consensus nucleotide sequence?
Proteins that recognize stop codons A site in the ribosome and terminate translation, which triggers the release of the newly synthesized polypeptide from the tRNA.
What are release factors?
ring-shaped molecules that help coordinate interphase chromosomes
What are cohesin proteins?
Type of repair that focuses specifically on template strand of transcribed DNA
What is Transcription Coupled Repair?
Guides successfully processed mRNAs through aqueous channels in the nuclear membrane that directly connect the nucleoplasm and the cytosol.
What are the Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs)?
Large protein complex in the cytosol with proteolytic activity that is responsible for degrading proteins that have been marked for destruction by ubiquitylation.
What are Proteasomes?