Myasthenia Gravis
Myasthenia Gravis interferes with the chemical transmission of ______ between terminal and receptor sites of voluntary muscles.
ACh
Which of the following tumors do not endanger life unless they interfere with the normal functions of the organs or affect a vital organ?
a) Benign tumors
b) Malignant tumors
c) Brain tumors
d) All of the above
a) Benign tumors
What are the typical findings on a chest X-ray for ARDS?
Ground glass appearance, increased opacities, hazy
Name the significant pathologic or structural changes of Guillain Barre Syndrome.
1. Mucus accumulation
2. Airway obstruction
3. Alveolar consolidation
4. Atelectasis
Is ARDS considered to be a restrictive disorder, obstructive disorder, or both.
Restrictive lung disorder
True/False. The cause of Myasthenia Gravis appears to be related to stimulation of J receptor and antibodies (immunoglobulin G [IgG] antibodies.
False- It appears to be related to ACh receptor and immunoglobulin G antibodies.
Which of the following are commonly associated with malignant carcinoma?
a) Necrosis
b) Ulceration
c) Cavity formation
d) Grow slowly and push aside normal tissue but do not invade it
a,b, and c only
ARDS has been referred to by multiple names though out the years. What was the first name used for ARDS?
"shock lung syndrome"
GBS diagnosis is typically based on what factors?
1. The patient’s clinical history
2. Cerebrospinal fluid findings
3. Through neurophysiology studies by way of electromyography (EMG) or a nerve conduction studies (NCS)
What are the two types of Myasthenia Gravis?
Ocular and generalized
List 2 of the 4 major or pathological or structural changes of the lungs associated with poorly managed myasthenic crisis.
1. Mucus accumulation
2. Airway obstruction
3. Alveolar consolidation
4. Atelectasis
What is the most common cause of lung cancer?
Cigarette smoking
How is the severity of ARDS defined?
Mild- PaO2/FiO2 of 201-300 mmHg
Moderate- PaO2/FiO2 of 101-200 mmHg
Severe- PaO2/FiO2 < 100
What is the general clinical history of patients with GBS?
1. Symmetric muscle weakness in the distal extremities accompanied by paresthesia (tingling, burning, and shock-like sensations) or dysesthesias (unpleasant, abnormal sense of touch)
2. Pain (throbbing, aching, especially in the lower back. Buttocks and legs
3. Numbness
What are the radiologic findings of GBS?
Normal or increased opacity if atelectasis or consolidation are present
List 4 bedside tests performed to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis.
1. Ice pack test
2. Edrophonium test
3. Immunoglobulin studies (serologic tests)
4. Electrodiagnostic studies (repetitive nerve stimulation and single fiber electromyography)
A tumor that originates in the bronchial mucosa is called _____?
Bronchogenic carcinoma
What are the two most common causes of primary ARDS?
a) sepsis & multiple trauma
b) pneumonia & sepsis
c) pneumonia & aspiration of gastric contents
d) aspiration & multiple trauma
c) pneumonia and aspiration of gastric contents
Name the most common form of GBS in North America and Europe, representing about 75% to 80% of cases. Also, known to affect motor, sensory, and autonomic nerves in a symmetric fashion.
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP)
List 4 major pathological or structural changes associated with ARDS.
1. Interstitial and intraalveolar edema and hemorrhage
2. Alveolar consolidation
3. Intraalveolar hyaline membrane formation
4. Pulmonary surfactant deficiency or qualitative abnormality
5. Atelectasis
Which of the following oxygenation indices is associated with Myasthenia Gravis?
a) decrease Qs/Qt
b) Increase O2ER
c) Increase SvO2
d) Decrease VO2
b) Increase O2ER
What category of cancers spread aggressively and respond best to chemotherapy and radiation therapy?
a) Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
b) Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)
c) Squamous cell carcinoma
d) Adenocarcinoma
b) Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)
For the diagnosis of ARDS, what alternative needs to be ruled out?
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Indicators of impending acute ventilatory failure would include in what values?
FVC <20 mL/kg
MIP <-30 cmH2O: In other words, the patient unable to generate a maximum inspiratory pressure
Common drug combinations that are used in chemotherapy for SCLC are? (check all that apply)
a) Cisplatin and etoposide
b) Carboplatin and etoposide
c) Cisplatin and irinotecan
d) Carboplatin and irinotecan
All of the above