Info exchanged between the Qing and Europeans was this.
What is two-way exchange?
100
Russia stretched from East Europe, across Asia, and into here.
What is North America?
100
These caused tension between the Russian people and new peoples of the empire as the empire expanded.
What are religious and cultural differences?
100
Peter the Great lived for how long?
What is 36 years? (or) What is from 1689 to 1725?
100
By the late 1700s, China's population was this much bigger than Europe's.
What is twice as big?
200
This was a European adaptation of the Chinese practice of covering walls with enormous loose-hanging watercolors.
What is wallpaper?
200
This was the most important city in Russia.
What is Moscow?
200
These people showed a wide diversity of identity in the Russian Orthodox Church.
Who are the Cossacks?
200
Peter the Great's major changes included reducing Russia's isolation and increasing what?
What is the empire's size and power?
200
In the late 1700s, there was much environmental decline as well as this type of decline.
What is economic?
300
The wealthy and middle classes of Europe demanded these.
What are Chinese things?
300
The people of Russia were of this faith.
What is Orthodox Christian?
300
A law change in 1649 completed the transformation of peasants into these.
What are serfs?
300
Who was regent on behalf of Peter the Great while he was a youth?
Who is his half-sister Sophia?
300
The Qing dynasty relied on their alliances with these people.
Who are elites?
400
Poems written by this Qing emperor were translated into French and disseminated through the intellectual circles of western Europe.
Who is Emperor Qianlong?
400
At the end of the 16th century, Russians ruled the largest state in Europe and large territories on the Asian side of these mountains.
What are the Ural Mountains?
400
In 1795, serfs made up this percentage of Russia.
What is over 50 percent?
400
Peter the Great concerned himself with Russia's expansion and this.
What is modernization?
400
This man was escorted by the Chinese in 1792-1793.
Who is Macartney?
500
This French thinker proclaimed the Qing emperors model philosopher-kings and advocated such rulership as a protection against the growth of aristocratic privilege.
Who is Voltaire?
500
This was the title used by a Russian ruler.
What is "tsar"?
500
These two countries had forces briefly occupy Moscow.
What are Sweden and Poland?
500
This was the goal of Peter's westernization strategy.
What is to strengthen the Russian state and increase the power of the tsar?
500
The population explosion led to an increase in these 2 things.