Vanadium
This is the most stable oxidation state of vanadium, and it's a crucial catalyst in the manufacture of sulfuric acid.
The 5+
Niobium and Vanadium share this state making it the most stable for both
The 5+ State
Tantalum's biggest value in modern society comes from its use in these electronic components, found in every smartphone.
Capacitors
Dubnium is primarily used for:
a) Making jewelry
b) Scientific research
c) Aerospace alloys
d) Medical implants
b) Scientific research
What is Ferrovanadium?
This useful alloy of vanadium and iron, known for being a "high strength, low effort" material, is vital for construction.
These two countries are responsible for the vast majority of the world's niobium mine production.
Brazil and Canada
What is biocompatibility?
The capability for materials to be used safely in cranial plates and bone repairs.
As a transuranium element, Dubnium cannot be found in nature and must be created in a lab, often by bombarding this element with nitrogen or neon ions.
Californium (or Americium)
Vanadium is not found naturally in its metallic form, but about 95% of its reserves, often as V₂O₅, are found in these three countries.
China, Russia, and South Africa
Exhibits below 9.3 Kelvin, allowing for zero energy loss (Double or nothing: Describe on detail a superconductor for an instant pass to the next round)
Superconductivity
Resists Aqua Regia but not this one Acid (+100 Points if you also name the two acids that make Aqua Regia)
Hydrofluoric Acid
This is the atomic number of Dubnium, which places it directly below Tantalum in Group 5.
105
This vanadium ion is paramagnetic, has two unpaired electrons, and gives a green color in solution.
Vanadium 3+
The primary ores from which niobium is extracted share a similar structure and often contain tantalum
Columbite or Pyrochlore
The main ore of tantalum is Tantalite, which is almost always found mixed with this other Group 5 element's ore, Columbite.
Niobium
Despite its short half-life, scientists have been able to study its chemistry enough to determine that this oxidation state (+3, +4, or +5) is its most stable.
+5
This type of mushroom can contain around 400 parts per million of the element.
The Amanita Mushroom
In the extraction process, after the ore is broken down with HF, niobium and tantalum are separated from each other using this organic solvent (abbreviated MIBK).
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
In the final step of its extraction, pure tantalum metal is produced by the reduction of potassium tantalum fluoride (K₂[TaF₇]) with this molten alkali metal.
Sodium (Na)
The most stable known isotope of Dubnium has this mass number and a half-life of about 16 hours.
(+100 points and instant pass if you solve it)
Dubnium-268