DNA Replication, Repair & Recombination
Most common form of DNA damage (hint occurs on double stranded DNA but does not break the phosphodiester backbone).
What is spontaneous chemical reactions?
Means by which cells read out or express genetic instructions from genes.
What are transcription and translation?
This molecule prevents errors by removing amino acids that are too large or too small using its synthesis and editing sites.
What is aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
rRNAs are named using this measurement found using an ultracentrifuge.
What is sedimentation rate?
This enzyme synthesizes short RNA primer molecules on the lagging strand.
What is DNA primase?
All RNA polymerases require this at the active site in order to function.
What is Magnesium?
Only aminoacyl-tRNA in the cell capable of tightly binding the small ribosomal subunit without the complete ribosome being present.
What is the methionine-charged initiator tRNA?
Subregion of the nucleus where rRNA synthesis and processing occurs.
What is the nucleolus?
Proteins that bind tightly to the single stranded DNA that’s produced by helicases. It coats all single stranded DNA to prevent short hairpin helices that may form.
What are single stranded binding proteins?
Orients polymerase and thus determines direction of transcription.
What is a promoter?
An enzyme that has an editing activity that helps to ensure that an amino acid is attached to a tRNA with an anti-codon that specifies that particular amino acid.
What is aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?
Can fix any large damage change in the double helix structure.
What is nucleotide excision repair?
The enzyme that breaks the phosphodiester bonds in DNA to create a transient single strand break.
What is DNA Topoisomerase?
Type of RNA that forms the basic structure for ribosomes and catalyzes protein synthesis.
What is rRNA (ribosomal RNA)?
Part of the proteasome that binds to the proteins tagged with polyubiquitylation.
What is the 19S cap?
Three reasons that the diploid genomes of any two humans will differ from each other.
What are nucleotide substitutions, inherited DNA gains and inherited DNA losses?
Consisting of directly repeated long terminal repeats (LTRs) at each end, uses reverse transcriptase and integrase, and moves using an RNA intermediate with production driven by a promoter located in the LTR.
What is a retroviral-like retrotransposon?
Characterized by structure with an RNA hairpin duplex and AT rich DNA region.
What is the terminator for polymerase elongation?
Synthesizes eukaryotic tRNAs as larger precursors that are trimmed to form the mature tRNA.
What is RNA polymerase III?
Binds to both eIF4E and poly A binding proteins, rendering the mRNA circular.
What is eIFG?