PAIN PIONEERS
This Duke researcher led the groundbreaking SCD pain study
Who is Mitchell Knisely?
This geographical limitation was overcome through community clinics
What is the 60km distance barrier?
This bias affects SCD patients seeking pain treatment
What is racial and socioeconomic prejudice?
Cost of complete Ponseti treatment in low-income countries
What is $100?
What type of motor are we using in our design?
What is a stepper motor?
In this decade, Ignacio Ponseti reintroduced treatment based on conservative, non-surgical methods
What are the 1950s?
This percentage of Black Americans face SCD barriers to care
What is 1 in 396?
The British guidelines specifically restrict clubfoot casting to these two types of medical professionals
Who are surgeons and senior physiotherapists?
Cost comparison between Ponseti and surgical treatment
What is $100 vs $2000?
What city (and country) is our community partner located in?
What is Kampala, Uganda?
These practice tools helped train 600 nurses using locally available materials
What are foot abduction braces made from local resources?
This procedure is sometimes needed in severe cases where the Achilles tendon is cut
What is tenotomy?
The study's participant registry specifically excluded patients because of this documented barrier
What is inability to attend in-person visits/lack of transportation?
Number of orthopedic surgeons serving all of Malawi
What is 4?
How many people are in this class?
What is 24?
This $100 solution achieves the same results as $2000 surgical procedures
What is the conservative casting treatment method?
Number of years needed to train an orthopedic surgeon versus technician
What is 15 years vs 18 months?
The healthcare system officially classifies SCD pain as this type of condition, affecting treatment access
What is a chronic pain condition requiring opioid management?
According to the study, this many SCD patients participated with over 65% reporting severe pain
What is 74 participants?
What color was the Play-Doh in the low-fidelity prototype
What is pink?
According to quotes, the best practitioners are not the most qualified but those who do this
What is "have been doing it the most"?
This 2019 event finally legitimized the technique in high-income countries
What is the British Society for Child Orthopaedic Services endorsement?
The UK waited this many years after Uganda's successful implementation before officially adopting the technique as first-line treatment
What is 20 years (1999-2019)?
Number of languages Ponseti manual is available in
What is 30?
What states do we live in?
What are Maine, Texas, and Virginia