Process of Respiration
This is the main role of respiration
What is gas exchange?
This consists of the pulmonary airways and lungs.
What is the pulmonary apparatus?
Central Tendon
strong fibrous structure that serves as attachment point for diaphragm muscle
physiology of life breathing
This reflects the size of the respiratory system.
What is lung volume?
These tiny air sacs in the lungs are the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange with the bloodstream.
What are alveoli?
These two large tubes branch off from the trachea at the carina, directing air into each lung.
What are the main-stem bronchi?
how many types of intercostal muscles are there and what are they?
3; innermost intercostal, inner intercostal, external intercostal
This is the ratio of inhalation to exhalation during speech breathing.
What is 10% inhalation and 90% exhalation?
Lung volume change requires these respiratory system parts to be open.
What is the larynx and upper airway?
During exhalation, this type of force causes the lungs to recoil and push air out without the need for muscular contraction.
What is passive force?
These smaller airway passages branch off from the bronchi and lead to the alveoli.
What are bronchioles?
relaxes and moves upwards into the chest cavity pushing air out of the lungs
diaphragm during expiration
Speech is produced near this lung volume in all body positions.
What is resting lung volume?
This is the maximum volume of air that can be inspired from the tidal end-inspiratory level.
What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?
This connects the lungs and chest wall through liquid in the pleural cavity, allowing the lungs to expand and contract with the ribcage.
What is pleural linkage?
What does the chest wall consist of
Rib cage, Diaphragm, sternum, intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles, abdominal content
Muscles located between ribs. They contract, they lift ribs up and outward, expanding chest
External Intercostals during inspiration
During speech production, an extended steady utterance relies on these muscles to maintain exhalation and subglottal pressure as lung volume decreases.
What are the abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles?
Functional residual capacity (FRC) is made up of these volumes.
What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV)?
Air moves into the lungs because gases flow from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. This principle causes intrapulmonary pressure to decrease when intrapulmonary volume increases.
What is Boyles Law?
forms floor of the thorax. "fence between" the thorax and abdomen
Diaphragm
Located in the chest, this muscle can elevate the ribs during forced inhalation, particularly in situations requiring greater lung expansion.
Pectoralis Minor
Unlike the first part of an extended steady utterance, this type of speech activity does not require inspiratory checking and instead relies on expiratory muscle activity to regulate alveolar pressure.
What is running speech?
These lung capacities can be measured directly because they do not include the residual lung volume.
What is the inspiratory capacity (IC) and the vital capacity (VC)?