Traits
Diseases
Probabilities
Dominance
Inheritance
100
What are the genotypes of males and females?
Males: XY Females: XX
100
What is sickle cell anemia?
a severe hereditary mutation of red blood cells into a crescent shape at low oxygen levels. It is most common among those of African descent.
100
What is the multiplication rule?
States that the probability of two or more independent events occurring together can be determined by multiplying their individual properties
100
What is it called when red flowers cross with white flowers to produce all pink flowers in the F1 generation? (blended)
Incomplete Dominance
100
This ratio is often referred to as the Mendelian ratio
3:1
200
The appearance resulting from a given gene combination is referred to as the ________.
phenotype
200
What is Trisomy 21?
Another name for Down Syndrome where an extra copy of chromosome 21 is present.
200
What is the addition rule?
States that the probability of any one of two or more mutually exclusive events occurring can be determined by adding their individual probabilities
200
What is it called when the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited (spotted)
codominance
200
What is polygenetic inheritance?
the additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character.
300
An individual with two of the same alleles is called _______.
homozygous
300
What is it called when a male is born with at least one extra X chromosome?
What is Klinefelter’s Syndrome
300
What s the probability of flipping two coins and them both landing on heads?
½ x ½ = ¼
300
Is the expression of dominant alleles more common than the expression of recessive alleles?
No. For example, polydactyly (the condition of having extra toes or fingers) is a dominant trait, yet only 1 out of 400 babies in the US has this condition.
300
True or false? Mendel’s theory of particulate inheritance can explain inheritance patterns for virtually every sexually reproducing organism but does not explain multifactorial characters.
True
400
It is far more common to find human genetic diseases caused by ______ alleles than by ______ alleles because ______.
recessive, dominant, harmful recessive alleles can survive in heterozygotes without selection against them.
400
Identify the inherited metabolic disorder where lipids accumulate in the brain and can cause death.
What is Tay-Sachs Disease
400
What is the probability of having an offspring with a genotype of YYRR in a dihybrid cross (between two heterozygotes (YyRr))?
¼ (YY) x ¼ (RR)= 1/16 YYRR
400
What is indicated when a single-character's testcross yields offspring that all have the dominant phenotype?
the parent with the dominant phenotype was homozygous
400
What are the phenotypes and genotypes for the four blood types?
A: (I^A I^A, I^A i) ; B: (I^B I^B, I^Bi) ; AB: (I^AI^B) ; O: (ii)
500
True or false? Different alleles are different DNA sequences found at the same locus on sister chromatids.
False. They are found on the same locus on homologous chromosomes (not sister chromatids).
500
identify the hereditary disease marked by brain cell degeneration that causes progressive dementia.
What is Huntington’s Disease
500
What is the probability of having an offspring with a genotype of YyRR in a dihybrid cross (between two heterozygotes (YyRr))?
½ (Yy) x ¼ (RR)= ⅛ YyRR
500
If brown fur is dominant (B) over white fur (b), and two brown mice produce three brown haired offspring and one white-haired offspring, then what must the parents genotypes consist of?
Bb x Bb
500
Armadillo tail lengths fall along a continuum with a normal distribution. Assuming that environmental factors do not play a role in determining tail length, this variation probably reflects ________.
polygenetic inheritance
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