Mystery
A patient on furosemide reports dizziness when standing. What nursing advice should be given?
Rise slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension.
Which electrolyte imbalance commonly occurs with hydrochlorothiazide?
Hypokalemia.
How does disulfiram deter alcohol use?
Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase → acetaldehyde accumulation → nausea/vomiting if alcohol is consumed.
Key teaching for folic acid therapy?
Take daily even after symptoms improve; continue folate-rich diet.
A patient taking chlorthalidone develops leg cramps. Which lab should be checked?
Serum potassium.
What baseline assessments are needed before giving epoetin alfa?
Check BP and hemoglobin level.
Expected stool color when taking iron supplements?
Dark green or black.
Naloxone reverses opioid overdose by acting as what?
Opioid-receptor antagonist.
Toxicity sign for ergocalciferol (Vit D₂)?
Muscle weakness or confusion from hypercalcemia.
Which combination of drugs requires close I&O monitoring due to potent diuretic synergy?
Bumetanide + Metolazone.
For a patient on loop diuretics, what daily nursing assessment is most important?
Monitor daily weight and I&O for fluid status.
Report which lab result for a patient on spironolactone?
Potassium 6.1 mEq/L (hyperkalemia).
What is the MOA of epoetin alfa?
Stimulates erythropoiesis in bone marrow.
What should a patient with pernicious anemia know about cyanocobalamin?
Requires lifelong monthly injections.
A patient taking potassium chloride shows tall T-waves on ECG. What’s the priority action?
Hold medication and notify provider.
Which food should patients avoid when prescribed spironolactone?
Foods high in potassium (e.g., bananas, avocado).
Two labs to monitor for clopidogrel or ticlopidine therapy?
Platelet count and CBC.
Minoxidil lowers blood pressure by what mechanism?
Direct vasodilator effect on arterioles → ↓ afterload.
Which symptom should prompt a patient on ticlopidine to contact the provider?
Unusual bleeding or infection (neutropenia).
How do you know naloxone has been effective in an overdose?
Respiratory rate returns to ≥ 12 and patient is alert.
When giving metolazone and furosemide, which administration timing is correct?
Give metolazone 30 minutes before furosemide.
What lab finding confirms hydroxocobalamin was effective for cyanide toxicity?
Decreased serum lactate level.
How does HCTZ/Triamterene help maintain potassium balance?
Triamterene spares potassium, counteracting HCTZ-induced loss.
Which symptom from indapamide requires intervention?
Dizziness or weakness (orthostatic hypotension).
A patient on furosemide reports tinnitus. What’s the best nursing action?
Hold medication and notify provider (possible ototoxicity).