Trauma in Childhood
Between birth and 2 years of age the brain more than triples in size, reaching 75% of its adult size by age 2
Positive early experiences have been associated with increased synaptic connections
Negative early experiences have been associated with decreased synaptic connections
A primary source of information about the world and thus a primary source of neural development comes from infants’ and young children’s interactions with their caregivers
What is early childhood development
Adolescence is the phase between childhood and adulthood, ages generally
between 13 and 19 years of age
Phase characterized by a rush of hormones, physical changes, sexuality
A time of risk taking which leads to a higher probability of traumatic events
At risk of bullying at school, violence in the home and community,
experimenting with drugs and alcohol,
Risk taking could result in traumatic events such as date rape, gang shootings,
teen suicide
What are Trauma relevant issues in Adolescence
Stage 1: The Pre-Crisis Stage
Stage 2: The Impact Stage
Stage 3: The Rescue Stage
Stage 4: The Recovery Stage
Stage 5: The Return to Life Stage
Stage 6: The Reconstruction Stage
What are Stages of Disaster Recover
Most effective therapy for complex trauma effects is relational and“psychodynamic,” involving the effects of activated attachment relationships and interpersonal processes
What is Attachment-relational treatment
Record Keeping Requirements
Informed Consent
Confidentiality
Competence
Issues of Impairment
What are topics for ethical consideration for crisis counseling
A fundamental task of early childhood is the development of a secure attachment relationship with a parent or guardian.
________________ defined attachment as “any form of behavior that results in a person attaining or maintaining proximity to some other clearly identified individual who is conceived as better able to cope with the world”..
May become withdrawn and internalize the trauma. Internalizing is a intrapsychic
reaction to trauma that manifests itself as depression, anxiety, or low self esteem
Acting out or externalizing trauma can be seen as conduct disorders
Either way, internalizing or externalizing trauma effects represent a breakdown of the
developmental path as a response to a crisis
What are trauma responses in adolescents
“a situation or event which overwhelms local capacity,
necessitating a request to a national or international level for external
assistance; an unforeseen and often sudden event that causes great damage,
destruction, and human suffering”
What is the definition of a disaster
Exploration of the of traumatic material (exposure) in a safe relationship
(disparity) where the client feels and thinks about what happened to them
(emotional and cognitive activation and processing) (Briere & Scott,
2006, p, 232
What are Cognitive behavioral activities
This is potential growth after experiencing a crisis or trauma
What is Post traumatic growth (PTG)
Child Maltreatment: physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse
Domestic violence: young children are more likely to be exposed to domestic
violence than older children...and show elevated trauma symptoms
Environmental trauma: 9/11, Hurricane Katrina, Turkish Earthquake
What are types of childhood trauma
Builds respectful culture in community mental health organizations and
schools so that troubled youth and their caregivers are not subject to
victimization
The therapeutic community focuses on the needs of traumatized youth
through a psychoeducational model called SELF, which addresses the
challenges of Safety, Emotional management, Loss, and Future
What is The Sanctuary Model of Trauma-Informed Organizational Change (Bloom,
1997)
The definition of a _____ had long been considered an event whenfour or more people were shot, injured, or killed. But recent federal changes
have now listed the definition as 3 or more.
What is a mass shooting
This is moving from asking the client "what is wrong with you?" to "what happened to you?"
What is the National Center for Trauma-Informed Care recommendation when working with clients who have experienced trauma
1) identify the ethical concern within the context of the disaster
(2) consider personal (crisis counselor’s) beliefs and values, skills and knowledge
(3) identify the code(s) of ethics involved
(4) determine possible ethical traps
(5) frame a preliminary response
(6) consider the consequences
(7) prepare an ethical resolution
(8) get feedback/consultation from other crisis counselors
(9) take action
(10) review the outcome.
What is An Ethical Decision-Making Model For
Crisis Counselors (Jordan, 2010)
________manifest differently in children: repetitive play
Play could be devoid of fun or creative spontaneity
Could resemble the traumatic event
Irritability, aggression, symptoms may resemble ADHD
What are the symptoms of trauma in early childhood
Adolescence is a period of rapid cognitive development and abstract thinking (Piaget, 1952)
The development of the prefrontal cortex, associated with executive functioning, allows
for more coordination and management of thinking and behavior
Experiences during this developmental period play a major role in identity formation
(Erikson, 1968)
Accepting physical changes and sexual impulses brought on by puberty
Attaining independence from parents
Developing mature relationships with peers and adults outside the family
Developing the capacity for intimacy with romantic partner
Establishing moral values and ethical behavior
Consolidating coherent social role
Pursing vocation or career
What are the stages of adolescent development
This focuses on 1) the traumatic event, 2) the
Displacement and Separation stage, and 3) The reunification or Loss of a
loved ones stage, and 4) Recovery stage
What is the intervention after a mass shooting
___________refers to the actual interventions, therapies,
or treatment program designed to address the particular traumatic
events and the resulting concerns that have resulted from the
incidents
What is trauma informed care/counseling
Duty to Protect
Issues of Involuntary Hospitalization
Record Keeping Requirements
Mandated Reporting
What are legal issues to consider when conducting crisis counseling
The Center for Disease Control’s _______has identified 10 kinds of traumatic events that often occur in families that are “stressed out” by
things like substance abuse, extreme poverty, mental illness, being homeless, or being moved around all the time. Having things like this happen in childhood can have a lasting effect on your physical and mental health.
What is Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Assessment
Teenagers are immune to trauma because their pre-frontal cortex is not completely formed.
What is not true
These can be man made and forces of nature
What are disasters
EMDR
Exposure Therapy
DBT
The most important thing we bring to a session is....
What is ourself