Types of Conditioning
What is Operant Conditioning?
The conditioning of a behaviour using reinforcements (Positive or Negative)
This scientist trained dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, demonstrating that learning begins with stimulus–response connections
Ivan Pavlov
What is Behaviourism?
What is “Learning focusing on observable behaviour and discounting any mental activity”
This happens when someone remembers the right answer but does not fully understand it
Rote memory
What is a definition of learning?
Answers vary
Since Jane was a child, bells in school meant it was time to leave and change classes, so when she was at an event at a school, and the bell sounded, she collected her things and got ready to leave before realizing the event wasn't over.
What type of conditioning had Jane experienced?
Classical Conditioning
A teacher designs lessons with music, movement, and visuals so every student can use their strongest learning ability. What theory are they incorporating?
Theory of multiple intelligences
What is Learnt Behaviour?
What is the stimulus response to a certain situation or stimuli
This type of memory limits how many pieces of information a learner can hold and process at the same time during problem solving
Working memory
A student studies by walking, acting out ideas, or building models. Which learning style best fits these strategies?
Kinesthetic learning
A teacher decides to cancel a Friday quiz for the students who handed in their homework on time. What type of reinforcement is the teacher using?
Negative Reinforcement- Taking away something disliked to encourage students to complete their homework on time.
Which psychologist developed operant conditioning and proposed laws explaining how reinforcement strengthens behaviour and a lack of reinforcement weakens it?
B.F Skinner
What does repetitive training do?
What is re-enforce neural pathways in the brain to respond the same way to a stimulus
This is knowing how you learn, so you can study smarter and remember better
Metacognition
What are the two branches of learning?
Behaviourism and Constructivism
What does it mean if a response to conditioning becomes generalized?
The conditioned behaviour no longer only occurs in response to one specific stimulus, but also to related stimuli.
Ex. from textbook: Dog bites a person. That person is not only afraid of that specific dog but is now afraid of all dogs.
A child stops running in the hallway after slipping once and falling, even though no punishment or reward followed. What is this theory called?
Contiguity
What is a Student’s reaction to the school bell
Learning often fails not because students lack skills, but because instruction overloads this mental capacity, what is this called?
Working memory capacity
What concept encourages students to change their learning strategies when something is not working instead of studying the same way every time?
Metacognition