Too CO2 for you?
True or False: Carbon dioxide is lighter than air.
False. Carbon dioxide is heavier than air.
What is the unit we use to measure oxygen content in our water?
Parts per million of dissolved oxygen
What are the three functions of roots?
Nutrient acquisition, water acquisition, and structural stability
This mineral micronutrient is involved in the metabolism of ammonium.
Molybdenum
What are the three corners of the pest disease triangle?
1. Pest/disease presence
2. Susceptible host
3. Conducive environment
What is the name of the structure that allows plants to take gaseous carbon dioxide internally?
Stomata
What is the term for an environment/situation that is oxygen depleted?
100 Bonus: What is the term for an environment/situation that is oxygen rich?
Hypoxic/Anoxic
100 Bonus: Oxygenated
Aerobic/anaerobic describe organisms within oxygenated or anoxic conditions.
This process occurs when organic molecules are bonded with metals. It helps prevent the metals from being oxidized or reduced, thus keeping them in a stable state for plants to uptake them via the roots.
Chelation
This element is used by the plant to create heme proteins that are precursors of chlorophyll.
100 Bonus: What visible symptom would you expect if a plant was deficient in this element?
Iron
100 Bonus: Chlorosis
What are the four management methods for dealing with pests and disease in our farms?
1. Biological
2. Chemical
3. Cultural
4. Mechanical/Physical
Name the process where carbon dioxide is "fixed" into components and used to make sugars that fuel the actions of the cell and growth of the plant.
200 Bonus: Name the sugar that is made in this process.
Photosynthesis (Calvin-Benson cycle)
200 Bonus: Glucose
With application of energy, an O2 oxygen molecule can be broken apart and bonded with an additional O2 molecule to form O3. What is that compound called?
Ozone
What is the general term for the group of fungi that form beneficial symbiotic relationships with plants via interactions with the roots?
mycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
This mineral macronutrient can be the most limiting factor in plant growth. It is involved in cellular respiration, phospholipid production, and photosynthesis by providing the P in ATP. Plants exude acids from their roots liberate it from more stable forms found in rocks.
100 Bonus: Is this nutrient mobile or immobile?
Phosphorus
100 Bonus: Immobile
When applying a product for a chemical control method, where can you find the information for the rate of application?
200 Bonus: Where could you find the list of required PPE needed for the use of the product?
SOP/SWI or the product label
200 Bonus: SOP/SWI, SDS, and or product label
Glucose is created and consumed in many ways by the cell. What polysaccharides (complex sugar) structure is created by the cell by connecting long chain of glucose into the structure of cell walls?
400 Bonus Points: Does the human body make enzymes to break down that polysaccharide?
Cellulose is the main component of cell walls in plants. It consists of chains of 500–3000 b-glucose units connected by 1,4’-glycoside linkages.
400 Bonus: Despite the similarity in structure between cellulose and starch, humans have the necessary enzymes to digest only starch. Humans rely on symbiotic relationships with gut microbes to liberate glucose from cellulose.
When plants use energy originating from the sun to split water molecules, they use the hydrogen ions for things like carbohydrates. What happens to the oxygen molecules?
They are expelled through the stomata.
Water is absorbed through the various pathways in the roots and moved up to the leaves through this tissue.
Xylem
This element is important for osmotic regulation of new cells, proton pumping, and enzyme function. It is most commonly found as a naturally negatively charged ion that can bond easily with calcium, potassium, and or sodium.
100 Bonus: Is it mobile or immobile?
Chlorine (chloride)
100 Bonus: Mobile
Removing symptomatic or malformed plant from the prop system is an example of which control method?
Cultural
True or False: All of the sugars that the plant has accumulated throughout the photoperiod are kept intact within the cells during the dark period.
100 Bonus: What would you expect to happen if the plant did not generate sufficient amounts of sugars during the photoperiod?
False. Cells still have functions during the dark period. Those cells need to use the sugars accumulated for energy to sustain them through the dark period.
100 Bonus: Growth as a whole would slow down and the taste profile would change as well.
True or False: Since plants produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, and the translocation of oxygen to the roots is minimal, therefore the roots of the plant do not require oxygen to function.
False: Plant roots need oxygen. They need oxygen to break down and "digest" the glucose that the leaves produce. Without the glucose, the cells would have no energy to absorb nutrients and water.
During drought stress, the roots can emit this plant hormone. It is the only gaseous plant hormone. It is taken in through the stomata and will halt or slow the growth of the plant depending on the conditions.
Ethylene
This element primarily makes up proteins, nucleic acids, amino acids, and numerous secondary compounds. It is abundant in the atmosphere and needs to be fixed by microorganisms, decomposition, lightning, or human manufacturing. It is added into our irrigation system in two distinct forms. It also makes up 2% of total plant biomass, which is the most of any mineral nutrient.
200 Bonus: Name the two forms of this element in our nutrients.
Nitrogen
200 Bonus: Nitrate and Ammonium
Changing the ratio of N to K in our nutrient recipe, with the intention of trying to have the plants growth outpace the growth of the disease, falls under which of the pest & disease management methods?
Cultural, since we are changing the strategy that we use to grow our plants.
Chemical control would be applying a non-living product to kill the offending organism.