Development
Define cephalocaudal development
Developing head-to-tail
Discuss methods to reduce sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (at least 4)
Put baby back to sleep
No pillows, quilts, stuffed animals, or bumper pads
Encourage pacifier when asleep
Avoid co-sleeping
Have baby sleep in the same room as caregivers for 6 months Encourage breastfeeding
Describe the Moro reflex
Infant startles to loud noises or sudden stimulation
Discuss the weight trends of an infant at 12 months
The infant should triple their birthweight by 12 months
Describe object permanence
An infant knows that an object still exists even though it is out of sight or hidden.
Define proximodistal development
Developing from the center to periphery
Discuss car seat safety
Infants should remain in rear-facing car seats until the age of 2
The safest area for infants and children is in the backseat
At what age does the Moro reflex disappear?
3-4 months
Provide an example of object permanence
A caregiver playing with a child moves out of sight and the child looks for the caregiver
At what age does the birthweight double?
6 months
Provide an example of cephalocaudal development
Head control developing control of the trunk
Why is breastmilk or formula the only acceptable intake for a child under 1?
Breastmilk provides complete nutrition if supplemented with iron (after 4 months)
Iron-fortified formula provides complete nutrition
What is the proper course of action if a child is showing reflexes after they should disappear?
Notify the provider and ensure follow-up or additional interventions
At what age does the anterior fontanel close?
12-18 months
What are the signs/symptoms of teething?
Increased sucking on hands, irritability and awakening from sleep, refusing to eat, placing objects in mouth
Provide an example of proximal development
Using arms before using hands, using hands before using fingers
Discuss the weight trends of a newborn
Newborns lose up to 10% of their birth weight by day of life 3-4
Newborns should regain birth weight by day of life 10-14
Discuss the fine/gross motor skills of a 12-month old infant
Can turn pages in a book, sits from a standing position, walks independently, feeds self with cup and spoon, makes simple marks on paper, pokes with index finger
At what age does the posterior fontanel close?
6-8 weeks
What education can a nurse give a parent to reduce the risk of SIDS?
Offer a pacifier during naps and when the infant is asleep, place the infant supine in the crib, and remove items from the crib, including blankets and toys.
Discuss how to count respirations in a newborn infant
Count for a full minute due to irregular rate and rhythm
Discuss the weight trends of an infant at 6 months
The infant should at least double their birth weight at 6 months
Discuss the fine/gross motor skills of a 10-month old infant
Has a pincer grasp, sits steadily without support, can move objects between hands, pulls to stand/cruises
What is the proper course of action if a child's fontanel is open past the time it should have been closed?
This is an abnormal assessment finding that requires notifying the provider and further intervention