Layers of the Earth
What is the outermost layer of the earth called?
Crust
What is the name for the type of plate boundary where two tectonic plates move away from each other?
Divergent
Name one type of plate boundary where a volcano can form.
Convergent, Divergent
Two plates can move past each other to produce an earthquake. What type of plate boundary does this happen at?
Transform
Which direction do the plates move at a convergent boundary?
Towards each other
Which layer of the Earth is the hottest?
Inner core
What type of plate boundary creates mountains?
Convergent
Explain the formation of a volcano at a divergent plate boundary.
The two plates move apart. The magma rises to the surface, cools down, and solidifies. This forms the volcano.
What is the name for the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus or hypocenter?
Epicenter
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma is below the surface of the Earth. Lava is above.
Which layer of the Earth is between the crust and the outer core?
Mantle
Name 2 types of landforms that can be created at convergent plate boundaries
Volcanoes, Mountains, Trenches
Explain the formation of a volcano at a convergent plate boundary.
The oceanic plate will slide underneath the continental plate. The oceanic crust melts into magma. A build-up of pressure will cause the magma to break through the crust. When the magma reaches the surface, it cools to form a volcano.
What device is used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?
Seismograph
What is another name for plate boundary?
Margin
What phase of matter is the inner core (liquid, solid, or gas)?
Solid
What is the process when an oceanic plate sinks beneath a continental plate or another oceanic plate?
Subduction
Name all three parts of the volcano.
Magma chamber, vent, and crater
Vibrations caused by earthquakes are called ______________.
Seismic waves
How do volcanoes grow (or get bigger) overtime?
The lava from previous eruptions turn solid, creating new layers.
What are the two types of crust?
Continental, oceanic.
What is the name of the supercontinent that existed around 250 million years ago?
Pangaea
What is the difference between a shield volcano and a stratovolcano?
Shield volcano erupts low viscosity lava. Stratovolcanoes erupt higher viscosity lava.
Normal, reverse, and transform are types of ____________, which are the areas where earthquakes occur.
Faults
Name one type of stress that can cause an earthquake and describe the direction of movement.
Shear stress, compression, tension