3 forms
beat
undergo
beat - beat - beaten
undergo - underwent - undergone
'Yesterday' is the signal for...
past simple
Have they arrived (...)?
yet
The population of India (grow) by about 40% between 1990 and 2000.
grew
Mexico City is enormous. It (...) one of the largest cities in the world for many years.
has been
hide
shake
hide - hid - hidden
shake - shook - shaken
'Since' is a signal word for...
present perfect
I've been working out (...) half a year now.
for
I love travelling. I (visit) lots of amazing cities.
have visited
The population of nearly 160 Chinese cities (...) 1 million
has reached
arise
tear
arise - arose - arisen
tear - tore - torn
(...) gets used in questions with the present perfect. It means ‘at any time in your life’.
I was married years (...).
ago
When you look around, you can see that this city
(change) a lot.
has changed
I can't lend you the money since I (...) it yesterday.
spent, lost
forsake
ride
forsake - forsook - forsaken
ride - rode - ridden
(...) gets used with the present perfect
to talk about very recent activities.
just
I'd (...) thought I would witness what has (...) happened.
never / just
Just before 2012 they (build) a lot of new constructions in London.
built
The architect Le Corbusier (...) a lot of amazing buildings before his death in 1965.
designed
bear
strivebear - bore - borne
strive - strove - striven
We use (...) and (...) with the present perfect to talk about things that started in the past and continue in the present. One is used with periods in time, the other with specific points.
for / since
Although I've dreamed of it (...) childhood, I only got around to doing it (...).
since / (any specific time information)
Since the pollution (get) much worse, the Chinese government (pass) a lot of new legislation in recent years.
got, passed
Although he (...) in 1994, his legacy (...) ever since.
passed away /died; has been living on, has been passed on, has lived on
lie (both meanings)
lay
lie, lay, lain / lie, lied, lied
lay, laid, laid
We use the adverbs R(....) and C(....) to describe actions in the time range typical for the present perfect.
recently and currently
Albeit she has been (...) ill, she handed her papers in ages (...).
recently, ago
Despite horrible mistakes (to be + make) in the past, we (set) a new course currently.
were made / have set
In spite of the horrible shock everyone (suffer), his behaviour (to be + forgive).
suffered / has been forgiven