Knowledge
Which of the following is a common cause of acute kidney failure in children?
Inadequate fluid intake / Dehydration
Which laboratory finding is typically associated with acute kidney failure?
Increased Creatinine
Which symptom is often observed in patients with acute kidney failure?
Edema
Edema is a common symptom of acute kidney failure due to fluid retention and impaired filtration by the kidneys.
What is the primary goal of treatment for chronic kidney disease?
Preventing further kidney damage and preserving kidney function to the greatest extent possible.
Which medication may be prescribed to manage hypertension in children with acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)
They lower BP & reduce proteinuria, thus slowing progression of kidney damage.
What is the primary cause of acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis (APGN) in children?
Strep throat
Outside of the BUN/Creat, what other lab abnormality would the RN expect to see in a patient with managed CKD?
Anemia
True or False: Infants with a urinary tract infection often present with a fever and perhaps irritability.
True
Which renal condition requires a no-added-salt diet?
acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis
What medication (or types of medications) need to be avoided in children who have renal failure?
nephrotoxic drugs, in particular, NSAIDs.
What is the most common causative organism of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pediatric patients?
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
What are the 3 most important electrolytes to monitor for in a patient with renal failure?
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Diarrhea.
What are 3 male GU conditions that require emergent surgery?
Testicular torsion
Paraphimosis
Incarcerated hernia
Which medication may be prescribed to manage edema in children with nephrotic syndrome?
Diuretics
To manage edema by promoting diuresis and reducing fluid retention.
Which complications are commonly associated with nephrotic syndrome in children?
thromboembolism
peritonitis - sepsis
The nurse assesses thrombocytopenia, anemia, and an elevated BUN/Creatinine. What renal condition does the nurse suspect?
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
The nurse assesses hypertension, gross hematuria, and edema. What renal condition is most consistent with these findings?
Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis
What is the primary goal of treatment (not the type of med used) for nephrotic syndrome in children?
Reducing proteinuria and edema
Name three types of medications that are administered in the post-op period from VUR surgery?
antibiotics, antispasmodics (oxybutynin),
and pain medications.
What are the complications associated with untreated UTIs in children?
Urosepsis
Renal scarring
Renal failure
What are the hallmark lab findings associated with nephrotic syndrome? List the triad of expected labs.
Massive Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
The RN is assessing a child with CKD w/ fluid retention. The RN notes the most sensitive indicator of fluid change is:
Changes in weight
What is the treatment for a child who has been anuric over 24 hours?
hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
What is the mainstay of pharmacologic treatment of nephrotic syndrome?
Steroids