Erikson’s Early Stages (0–12 Years)
What is the psychological crisis during the first year of life where infants learn whether or not caregivers will meet their basic needs?
Answer: Trust vs. Mistrust
What central question defines the adolescent stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion?
Answer: "Who am I?" (or "Where am I going?")
Which ecological layer consists of the direct people and physical settings a child interacts with daily, such as family and classroom peers?
Answer: Microsystem
The word "adolescence" originates from the Latin verb adolescere, which means what?
Answer: To grow into maturity
What social group provides teens with a strong sense of belonging and opportunities to practice social skills?
Answer: Friends / Peers
In which stage do toddlers aged 1 to 3 build willpower by practicing self-care skills like dressing themselves?
Answer: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
In young adulthood (ages 18–40), an individual risks this negative outcome if they fear emotional vulnerability and closeness.
Answer: Isolation
What system describes the connections and relationships between different microsystems, such as a parent-teacher conference?
Answer: Mesosystem
On average, do girls or boys experience their biological adolescent growth spurt earlier?
Answer: Girls (typically ages 10–11, compared to 12–13 for boys)
What term describes anti-social or rule-breaking behaviors during teenage years, such as truancy, theft, and vandalism?
Answer: Juvenile Delinquency
In the stage of Initiative vs. Guilt (ages 3–6), what negative feeling can develop if a child is constantly criticized or punished for organizing games?
Answer: Guilt
Adults aged 40 to 65 experience Generativity vs. Stagnation primarily by participating in which type of activity?
Answer: Mentoring, parenting, teaching, or giving back to the community
Which level involves social settings that affect a child indirectly without the child physically being present, such as a parent's workplace?
Answer: Exosystem
What Piagetian stage of cognitive development begins around age 11 and allows abstract and hypothetical logic?
Answer: Formal Operational Stage
Which eating disorder is characterized by a relentless pursuit of thinness through severe food restriction and self-starvation?
Answer: Anorexia Nervosa
What is the main developmental virtue gained when elementary students (ages 6–12) succeed at school tasks and master new skills?
Answer: Competence (Industry)
What stage occurs at age 65 and older, where individuals review their life to find meaning, peace, and wisdom?
Answer: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Laws, cultural values, and broader societal customs make up which ecological system?
Answer: Macrosystem
What is the term for an adolescent's belief that everyone around them is constantly watching and judging their flaws?
Answer: Imaginary Audience
What eating disorder involves cycles of uncontrolled binge eating followed immediately by purging or vomiting?
Answer: Bulimia Nervosa
If a child in elementary school receives repeated negative comparisons or criticism on projects, what feeling do they develop instead of industry?
Answer: Inferiority
According to Erikson's big idea, when does human psychological development end?
Answer: It never ends during life / It is lifelong (infancy to old age)
Which system accounts for life transitions, historical events, and environmental changes occurring across time?
Answer: Chronosystem
Which cognitive distortion makes a teenager believe their personal feelings are unique and that "nobody understands me"?
Answer: Personal Fable
What environmental component in Bronfenbrenner's updated framework reflects the powerful influence of online interactions and social media on teens?
Answer: Virtual Microsystem