Gas Exchange in Organisms
Cellular respiration is a process occurring in what and releases what type of energy?
All living cells and in the form of ATP
Air moves though the nose and mouth before it is carried to what?
The lungs through the trachea
Why is ventilation essential?
For the effective change of gasses in the lungs
What is it called when investigate the effect of exercise on ventilation using a apparatus which is called?
A spirometer
What part of the plant does gas exchange occur?
The leaf
Aerobic respiration requires what to produces what as a waste product?
It requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide as a byproduct
What is the trachea?
A tube that divides to form the two bronchi in the lungs
What does ventilation involve?
Inspiration and expiration
What can the spirometer chamber be filled up with?
Air or oxygen
Where does the majority of photosynthesis take place?
In the leaves of the plants
By what process are gases are exchanged between living organisms?
Includes the oxygen uptake and release of carbon dioxide by organisms
Where are alveoil found?
At the end of the bronchioles
What is inspiration?
Is breathing in which is a process that causes the volume of the chest to increase and the air pressure to decrease
What is the volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing?
Tidal volume
What are the 3 tissues that the leaf contains?
Epidermal tissue, Mesophyll tissue, Vascular tissue
What are two factors that take place during diffusion?
Size of the respiratory surface and concentration gradient
What are clusters of alveoil are surrounded by what?
Extensive capillary bed
What is expiration?
Is breathing out which occur mostly due to the recoil of the lungs after they have been stretched due to the inspiration process
What are some meassurement that can be made by using the spirometer?
Ventilation rate, tidal volume, vital capacity
What is a problem with plants which include the stomata?
As the stomata opens to allow the gas exchange to occur which water is then the form of water vapour is also lost through the stomata
As an organism increases size why are the challenges of gas exchange to become greater?
Due to smaller surface area to volume ratio and a greater diffusion distance
Cells of the alveolar secrete which is a substance called what?
Surfactant which lowers the surface tension in the alveoil
The active expiration process is?
The internal intercostal muscles contract that contract to pull the ribs down and in (This causes forced exhalation)
What can be determined by counting the number of inhalations or exhalations per minute?
Ventilation rate
An advantage of plants with gas exchange is?
It provides a cooling the plant via evaporation and the transpiration stream is helpful in the uptake of mineral ions