A smartphone model gets a better battery life while keeping the same design
Incremental
Cheap online classes begin attracting students who usually went to tutoring centers
Disruptive
The first voice-controlled smart speaker (like Amazon Echo) created a brand-new product category
Radical
A bank designs a simplified loan process for people without formal documents
Inclusive
A premium bicycle brand releases a lighter carbon-fiber frame for athletes
Sustaining
A tech company designs a video game controller for players with limited mobility
Inclusive
A low-cost solar lamp is invented for families without electricity
Frugal
A local mechanic creates a low-cost wheelchair using bicycle parts for injured community members
Grassroots
A company creates a $1 cardboard incubator for newborn babies in low-income areas
Frugal
A bakery introduces new packaging that keeps bread fresh longer
Incremental
A car brand introduces a new model with enhanced safety sensors for loyal customers
Sustaining
A budget smartphone designed for Africa becomes a hit in Europe because of its strong battery life
Reverse
A village community designs a homemade rainwater harvesting system using old barrels
Grassroots
An affordable medical device created for rural India becomes widely used in US clinics
Reverse
A sneaker brand allows customers to return worn-out shoes so the materials can be recycled into new ones
Circular
The invention of CRISPR gene-editing technology allows scientists to alter DNA precisely
Radical
A fashion brand takes back old clothing, repairs it, and resells it instead of producing new items
Circular
A company uses algae-based plastics instead of petroleum-based plastics for packaging
Sustainable
A free photo-editing app slowly replaces expensive professional software
Disruptive
A building is designed with solar glass windows that generate its own energy
Sustainable