Antiemetics
This serotonin antagonist is commonly administered to prevent nausea and vomiting.
What is ondansetron?
This over-the-counter opioid-related antidiarrheal decreases GI motility and has minimal CNS effects.
What is loperamide (Imodium)?
This stimulant laxative increases peristalsis by irritating sensory nerve endings in the intestinal mucosa.
What is bisacodyl?
This medication forms a protective coating over an ulcer and should be administered on an empty stomach.
What is sucralfate?
This medication provides relief from urinary burning, pain, frequency, and urgency associated with a UTI.
What is phenazopyridine?
This antiemetic blocks dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and may cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).
What is metoclopramide?
This antidiarrheal class works by coating the GI tract and adsorbing bacteria and toxins.
What are adsorbents?
This type of laxative absorbs water into the intestine and requires a full glass of water after administration to prevent obstruction.
What are bulk-forming laxatives?
OR
What is Polycarbophil, methylcellulose, or psyllium?
This class inhibits the hydrogen-potassium ATPase pump and is considered one of the most effective acid suppressants.
What are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
This urinary anti-infective is commonly used to treat UTIs and cystitis and may cause urine discoloration as an adverse effect.
What is nitrofurantoin?
A patient with glaucoma should avoid this class of antiemetics because they can increase intraocular pressure.
What are anticholinergics?
A patient taking diphenoxylate-atropine should be assessed for this eye disorder because atropine is contraindicated in it.
What is glaucoma?
This osmotic laxative is commonly prescribed to patients with liver disease to reduce elevated ammonia levels.
What is lactulose?
The nurse instructs a patient to separate this medication from iron supplements by at least one hour.
What is famotidine?
OR
What is an H₂ blocker?
This medication treats chronic UTIs by becoming bactericidal when urine pH is less than 5.5. Patients may be encouraged to drink cranberry juice because it lowers urine pH.
What is methenamine?
Besides suppressing nausea from chemotherapy, this class is usually given IV for a short duration to minimize adverse effects.
What are glucocorticoids?
OR what is Dexamethasone?
The priority nursing assessment before administering antidiarrheals is evaluating for this complication caused by excessive stool losses.
What is dehydration (or fluid and electrolyte imbalance)?
Before administering any laxative, the nurse should assess for this acute abdominal condition because laxatives are contraindicated.
What is appendicitis?
This prostaglandin analogue is used to prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers.
What is misoprostol?
A patient with urinary retention due to a hypotonic bladder is prescribed this medication. It works by increasing detrusor muscle tone.
What is bethanechol?
The nurse should teach patients taking antiemetics to avoid this activity because many agents cause CNS depression and drowsiness
What is driving or operating heavy machinery?
A traveler asks how to prevent traveler's diarrhea. Name two evidence-based recommendations.
What is washing hands and using bottled water?
OR
What is eating well-cooked meats?
When administering osmotic laxatives containing sodium phosphate, a nurse must closely monitor the patient for this severe electrolyte imbalance, especially in those with renal impairment.
What is hyponatremia?
Patients taking H₂ blockers long-term should increase intake of this vitamin to prevent deficiency.
What is vitamin B12?
A patient taking a medication for overactive bladder reports dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and urinary retention. Which medication class is most likely responsible for these effects?
What are urinary anticholinergics?
OR
What is tolterodine or oxybutynin?