Guillain Barre syndrome is characterized by ascending, symmetric paralysis that usually affects cranial nerves and the _______________.
What is the peripheral nervous system.
100
Symptoms of Guillain-Barré syndrome usually develop 1 to 3 weeks after an _______________ or _____________.
What is upper respiratory or gastrointestinal (GI) infection.
100
The most serious complication from Guillain-Barre is _____________.
What is respiratory failure.
100
Diagnosis is based primarily on the patient's _________ and _________.
What is history and clinical signs.
100
Management is aimed at supportive care, particularly __________, during the acute phase
What is ventilatory support.
200
With adequate supportive care, __________%, of patients recover completely from this disorder.
What is 85-95%.
200
Weakness of the lower extremities (evolving more or less symmetrically) occurs over hours to days to weeks, usually peaking about the _________ day.
What is 14th.
200
___________ is typically the first sign of infection.
What is fever.
200
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is normal or has a low protein content initially, but after 7 to 10 days it shows an elevated protein level with a normal cell count. What is a normal protein level?
What is 15-45 mg/dL [0.15 to 0.45 g/L].
200
_______________ is used in the first 2 weeks of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
What is Plasmapheresis.
300
The etiology of this disorder is unknown. Both ________ and _________ immune mechanisms play a role in the immune reaction directed at the nerves
What is cellular and humoral.
300
Pain is a common symptom in the patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome. The pain can be categorized as paresthesias, muscular aches and cramps, and hyperesthesias. Pain appears to be worse at ______.
What is night.
300
Immobility from the paralysis can cause problems such as ______________. (name 5)
What is paralytic ileus, muscle atrophy, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary emboli, skin breakdown, orthostatic hypotension, and nutritional deficiencies.
300
___________ may be indicated for those experiencing severe pain.
What is opioids.
300
Intravenous (IV) administration of high-dose __________ has been as effective as plasma exchange and has the advantage of immediate availability and greater safety.
What is immunoglobulin (Sandoglobulin).
400
___________________ is the most recognized organism associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome
What is Campylobacter jejuni.
400
Autonomic disturbances are usually seen in patients with severe muscle involvement and respiratory muscle paralysis. The most dangerous autonomic dysfunctions include _________, _____________, and ______________.
What is orthostatic hypotension, hypertension, and abnormal vagal responses.
400
Respiratory failure occurs from?
What is occurs as the paralysis progresses to the nerves that innervate the thoracic area.
400
Patients may also have ________________________. (Hint: 5 letter abbreviation)
What is syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion.
400
Patients receiving high-dose immunoglobulin need to be well hydrated and have adequate ______ function.
What is renal.
500
The syndrome is often preceded by immune system stimulation from _________, _________, _______, ________, or ___________. (5 answers)
What is a viral infection, trauma, surgery, viral immunizations, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
500
_________ (numbness and tingling) is frequent, and paralysis usually follows in the extremities. __________ (reduced muscle tone) and __________ (lack of reflexes) are common, persistent symptoms.
What is paresthesia, hypotonia and areflexia.
500
Constant monitoring of the respiratory system by checking respiratory rate and depth provides information about the need for immediate intervention, ____________ and _________.
What is including intubation and mechanical ventilation.
500
In the recovery phase, remyelination occurs slowly, and neurologic function returns in a ___________ pattern.
What is proximal-to-distal.
500
Beyond 3 weeks after disease onset, plasma exchange and immunoglobulin therapies have little value. ____________ appear to have little effect on the prognosis or duration of the disease.