Anatomy
This structure marks the opening between the cervical canal and the uterine cavity and is identified during hysteroscopy before entering the uterus.
Internal cervical os
This procedure uses an endoscope to directly visualize the uterine cavity, tubal ostia, and endometrium through the cervix.
hysteroscopy
This instrument grasps the anterior lip of the cervix and is used to provide traction during hysteroscopy
tenaculum
This medication is used to medically treat an unruptured ectopic pregnancy by inhibiting folic acid uptake in rapidly dividing embryonic cells.
methotrexate
This medical term means surgical removal of an ovary.
oophorectomy
During chromopertubation, the surgeon observes dye exiting these structures to confirm tubal patency.
fimbriae (fimbriated ends) of the fallopian tubes
During this procedure, methylene blue may be injected through a uterine manipulator to assess whether dye exits the fimbriated ends of the fallopian tubes.
laparoscopy with chromopertubation
These instruments are used sequentially to enlarge the endocervical canal before insertion of a hysteroscope or resectoscope.
Hegar or Hank uterine dilators
This hormone-like medication may be injected into the mesosalpinx during laparoscopic salpingostomy to reduce bleeding through vasoconstriction.
vasopressin (Pitressin)
This term describes the surgical creation of an opening into the fallopian tube, often performed to remove an ectopic pregnancy while preserving the tube.
salpingostomy
During laparoscopic salpingostomy, vasopressin may be injected into this portion of the broad ligament containing the blood supply to the fallopian tube to reduce bleeding.
mesosalpinx
This procedure treats an ectopic pregnancy by making an incision into the fallopian tube and removing products of conception while preserving the tube.
laparoscopic salpingostomy
This instrument establishes pneumoperitoneum before trocar insertion and is connected to CO₂ insufflation tubing.
Veress needle
This electrolyte-free distention medium is commonly used during resectoscopic endometrial ablation because it is compatible with monopolar electrosurgery.
1.5% glycine
This term refers to the destruction of the endometrial lining to reduce or eliminate abnormal uterine bleeding.
endometrial ablation
During laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy, the bladder is dissected from this portion of the uterus to create a bladder flap and protect the urinary tract.
lower uterine segment
During this procedure, the ovarian cortex is incised, hydrodissection is used to separate a cyst from the ovarian stroma, and the specimen is removed through a trocar port.
laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy
This device is inserted through the cervix during laparoscopy and may be used for chromopertubation by injecting methylene blue through an intrauterine cannula.
uterine manipulator
Excessive systemic absorption of hysteroscopic distention fluid may result in this electrolyte imbalance characterized by confusion, lethargy, nausea, and visual disturbances.
hyponatremia
This term describes the presence of a pregnancy implanted outside the endometrial cavity.
ectopic
During robotic hysterectomy, cephalad pressure on the cervix helps protect these retroperitoneal structures from injury during the circumferential colpotomy.
ureters
This procedure combines laparoscopic division of the uterine blood supply and ligamentous attachments with vaginal removal of the uterus and may require contained morcellation.
laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH)
This hysteroscopic tissue-removal system removes submucosal leiomyomas by suctioning tissue into the device and cutting it within the uterine cavity.
MyoSure device
During thermal balloon endometrial ablation, this solution is used to inflate the balloon and is heated to approximately 188°F (86.6°C).
D5W (5% dextrose in water)
This procedure tests fallopian tube patency by injecting dye through the uterus and observing for spillage from the fimbriae.
chromopertubation