Reactions!
These are the starting substances written on the left side of a chemical equation.
What are reactants?
This fundamental chemical law dictates that the total mass of your products must always equal the total mass of your starting reactants.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
This term describes a chemical reaction that releases heat into its surroundings, giving it a negative H value.
What is an exothermic reaction?
This gas law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, provided temperature is held perfectly constant.
What is Boyle's Law?
This dynamic chemical state is achieved when the rate of the forward reaction perfectly balances out the rate of the reverse reaction.
What is chemical equilibrium?
This specific type of reaction involves a single compound breaking down into two or more simpler substances, like KClO3--> KCl + O2.
What is a decomposition reaction?
This is the name given to the reactant that is completely consumed first in a reaction, halting any further product creation.
What is the limiting reactant?
Energy is always absorbed from the surroundings during this specific part of a chemical reaction's mechanical bonds.
What is breaking chemical bonds?
To use Charles', Gay-Lussac's, or the Ideal Gas Law correctly, all Celsius temperatures must be converted to this absolute temperature scale.
What is the Kelvin scale?
This overarching principle states that if a system at equilibrium experiences a stress, it will dynamically shift its position to relieve that stress.
What is Le Chatelier's Principle?
This tool ranks metals by their reactivity and is used to predict whether a single replacement reaction will actually take place.
What is the Activity Series?
This efficiency metric is calculated by taking the actual experimental yield, dividing it by the theoretical yield, and multiplying by 100.
What is percent yield.
This fundamental kinetic theory states that reacting particles must physically hit each other with both the correct orientation and sufficient energy to react.
What is Collision Theory?
This law is mathematically represented by the formula V1/n1 = V2/n2, keeping temperature and pressure fixed.
What is Avogadro's Law?
For the system: PCl5 (s) <--> PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)
An increase in system pressure will cause a shift toward this side of the equation.
What is the left side (toward the solid reactant)?
When potassium carbonate and barium chloride undergo a double replacement reaction, this specific compound forms the insoluble solid precipitate.
What is barium carbonate (BaCO3)?
Given the balanced equation: 2Al + 6HBr --> 2AlBr3 + 3H2
this substance acts as the limiting reactant if you start with 4.75 moles of Al and 7.96 moles of HBr.
In the combustion reaction of ethene (C2H4) where the H= -1390 J/mol, heat/enthalpy is written on this side of the chemical equation?
Whaat is the product side (right side)?
This is the iconic mathematical equation used to solve for an unknown variable of a gas when its conditions are static and not changing.
What is PV= nRT (The Ideal Gas Law)?
For the exothermic synthesis of Ammonia
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <--> 2NH3 (g) + heat
an increase in temperature will cause the equilibrium to shift in this direction.
What is to the left (toward the reactants)?
To properly balance the single replacement reaction
Mg + H2O --> Mg(OH)2 + H2
this coefficient must be placed in front of the water molecule.
What is 2?
(Mg + 2H2O --> Mg(OH)2 + H2)
Given the balanced equation: 2Al + 6HBr --> 2AlBr3 + 3H2
If 7.96 moles of HBr are completely consumed by excess aluminum, this is the exact number of moles of H2 gas produced.
What is 3.98 moles of H2?
This law states that if a reaction is carried out in a series of steps, the overall H is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes of those individual steps.
What is Hess's Law of Constant Heat Summation?
This is the numerical value of the Ideal Gas Constant (R) when your pressure units are measured specifically in atmospheres (atm).
What is 0.0821 L atm/mol K?
These are the four primary macroscopic factors that can be adjusted to directly alter the kinetic rate of a chemical reaction.
What are temperature, concentration, surface area, and the addition of a catalyst?