Enlightenment
This French philosopher wrote The Social Contract and believed that government should be based on the general will of the people.
Who is Rousseau?
This is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
What is the Bill of Rights?
This 1803 case established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
This Chief Justice wrote the majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford, ruling that African Americans could not be U.S. citizens.
Who was Roger Taney?
The Commerce Clause is found in this article of the U.S. Constitution.
What is Article I?
This Enlightenment thinker argued that life, liberty, and property are natural rights that all individuals are born with.
Who is John Locke?
This Founding Father is the principal author of the Declaration of Independence.
Who is Thomas Jefferson?
Supreme Court justices are nominated by this individual and confirmed by the Senate.
Who is the President?
This Justice, appointed in 1967, was the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court.
Who is Thurgood Marshall?
This 1824 Supreme Court case, involving steamboat navigation rights, established Congress’s broad power under the Commerce Clause.
What is Gibbons v. Ogden?
This Enlightenment philosopher proposed dividing government into three branches to prevent tyranny.
Who is Montesquieu?
The Constitution outlines this system of government in which power is shared between national and state governments.
What is federalism?
This article of the U.S. Constitution establishes the judicial branch.
What is Article III?
This man was the first Chief Justice of the United States.
Who is John Jay?
This prevents states from passing laws that discriminate against or unduly burden interstate commerce?
What is the Dormant Commerce Clause?
The Enlightenment idea that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed heavily influenced this U.S. founding document.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
The Preamble to the Constitution begins with this famous phrase.
What is "We the people"?
This individual presides over the Supreme Court and leads its discussions and decisions.
Who is the Chief Justice?
This woman became the first female Supreme Court Justice in 1981.
Who is Sandra Day O'Connor?
The Commerce Clause has been used to justify federal regulation of local economic activities, such as in this 1942 case involving wheat production.
What is Wickard v. Filburn?
This French philosopher is famous for his wit, criticism of organized religion, and advocacy of freedom of speech.
Who is Voltaire?
The Constitution of the United States was signed in this year.
What is 1787?
Below the Supreme Court, these courts are the next level of the federal judiciary, reviewing decisions from district courts.
What are the U.S. Court of Appeals (or Circuit Courts)?
This Justice wrote the majority opinion in Brown v. Board of Education, declaring school segregation unconstitutional.
Who is Earl Warren?
In this 1995 case, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress exceeded its Commerce Clause authority by regulating gun possession in school zones.
What is United States v. Lopez?