It's Always Airway
Name 2 airway adjuncts, their indications, and their contraindications.
Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA): for airway obstructions with a gag reflex; contraindication is facial/nasal trauma
Oropharyngeal airway (OPA): for airway obstructions with NO gag reflex; contraindication is gag reflex.
What is the name of the vessels have thick muscular walls that allow constriction and dilation
Arteries
Describe signs and symptoms of compensating shock.
Increased HR, Increased RR, pale cool clammy skin, decrease in BP, =/-AMS, =/- in Sp02
Name 3 assessment findings that may increase our index of suspicion for a tension pneumothorax?
Jugular vein distention, tracheal deviation, absent lung sounds on one side
(others: shortness of breath, decrease in blood pressure, decrease in Sp02, altered mental status)
List the different oxygen administration systems and their flow rates
Nasal Cannula: 1-6 LPM
Non-rebreather: 12-15 LPM
Bag valve mask: 15 LPM
You are called to a business where a patient is found slumped over on the toilet in a stall. You can see they are breathing shallow and moan when you introduce yourself. You should first:
a. place them on oxygen
b. check their pockets for opioid medications
c. complete a trauma assessment
d. move them from the bathroom stall
D.
In order to do a complete assessment and treatment, this patient needs to be urgently moved.
List the 4 things that are required to prove negligence?
Duty to act, breach of duty, causation, and harm
Your patient is a 33 yo man with a gunshot wound to RLE and has active dark, red bleeding. He is awake, pale, diaphoretic. Vitals: HR 112, RR 24, BP 122/82. No other injuries noted. of the following interventions, which is the BEST sequence for patient management?
High concentration O2
Tourniquet
Splinting of the extremity
Direct pressure
Direct pressure, tourniquet, high concentration O2, splinting of the leg
What is inhalation/inspiration = active
Exhalation/expiration = passive
During the secondary assessment/treatment.
Explain the following pediatric emergencies, and list (at least) one assessment finding you expect:
Croup, Epiglottitis, and Foreign body obstruction
Croup: upper airway infection that causes narrowing; barking cough, stridor, fever
Epiglottitis: infection and swelling of the epiglottis; stridor, drooling, trouble swallowing, fever
FBO: object in the airway preventing air movement; cyanosis, no air movement, no coughing, unconscious
What type of shock do I suspect if my patient has a traumatic amputation of their L lower leg?
a. Hemorrhagic
b. Hemovolemic
c. Hypovolemic
d. Distributive
C. Hypovolemic
Name the most common airway obstruction from an adult.
What is the tongue?
*what is/are the easiest way(s) to resolve this obstruction?
When you walk up to a patient/scene; what is the first thing you should do?
Scene size up. Run through it!
Name the 6 rights of medication administration
The right patient, medication, dose, route, time, and documentation
List the order of operations for stopping an exsanguinating bleed
1. Apply direct pressure
2. If the bleeding stops, the apply a pressure dressing
3. If the bleeding does not stop, apply a tourniquet high and tight. (if non-extremity, hemostatic agent)
You have a patient reporting difficulty breathing. Patient reports a history of asthma. You auscultate expiratory wheezing bilaterally. Vital signs are P 100, R 26, BP 132/76, SpO2 90% on room air. You should:
a. Give the patient your inhaler, call for ALS support
b. Their respirations are > 20, so assist them with ventilations
c. Have the patient sit up right, ask them about their inhaler, and assist with a non-rebreather.
d. Assist the patient to your ambulance, complete a secondary assessment, and call medical direction
C is the most correct answer.
Order of operations:
XABCDE; this is a B problem - so it requires a stop and fix.
This is something the patient tells you he or she is feeling
What is a symptom or chief complaint.
What are some questions we can ask to determine a c/c?
An open wound from which organs protrude is called what?
Evisceration
What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?
Strain is tendon
Sprain is ligament
(what is the difference between those??)