Key Concepts
This mechanism of discipline relies on constant visibility through observation
What is hierarchical observation?
This is what discipline aims to create in individuals—useful and obedient bodies.
What are docile bodies?
This is the main idea of Panopticism (people act differently because...)
what is being watched?
This earlier form of power relied on visible punishment and spectacle.
What is sovereign power?
This classroom tool enforces comparison and ranking among students.
What are grades?
This process ranks individuals against a standard and corrects deviations
What is normalizing judgement?
This structure organizes supervision in layers (teachers, assistants, etc.)
What is hierarchical observation?
This historical scenario shows extreme surveillance used during a crisis. (Hint: used as an example in the excerpt)
This shift marks the move from punishment to training and regulation.
What is the transition to discipline?
This practice turns students into measurable academic subjects.
What are standardized tests?
This combines surveillance and judgment to produce records about individuals
What is the examination?
This refers to organizing individuals in space to make them easier to control.
What is spatial distribution?
This is the uncertainty that makes surveillance effective in the Panopticon
What is not knowing when someone is watching?
This is how power operates continuously rather than occasionally
What is permanent supervision?
This is how students begin to monitor their own behavior and performance.
What is internalized discipline?
This architectural design allows a single observer to watch many individuals without being seen.
What is panopticon
These are produced through exams and allow individuals to be tracked over time.
What are individual records?
This is the result when people begin to regulate their own behavior
What is self surveillance?
This is the key feature of modern power that makes it less visible.
What is invisibility of authority?
This is the role of schedules and routines in schools
What is time regulation?
This term refers to systems that train bodies to be useful and obedient.
What is discipline?
This is how discipline turns people into objects that can be measured and compared.
What is individualization?
This describes the spread of surveillance logic across all institutions
What is a disciplinary society?
This is the idea that control works through systems rather than individuals
What is decentralized power?
This is the broader purpose of schooling in Foucault’s theory
What is production of productive citizens?