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Flu Fun Facts
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100
The ideal timeframe in which antivirals should be started to have the greatest effect on outcome.
What is <48h?
100
What 'H' and 'N' stand for in H1N1
What are hemagglutinin and neuraminidase?
100
The type of article that "Hospitalized Patients with 2009 H1N1 Influenza in the United States, April-June 2009" is
What is an observational, retrospective case series?
100
10 Underlying medical conditions that are more prevalent in the H1N1 afflicted group compared to the general population
What are Asthma (28%), COPD (8%), DM (15%), Immunosuppression (15%), CV Disease (13%), CRF (9%), Neurocognitive Disorder (7%), Neuromuscular Disorder (7%), Pregnancy (7%), Seizure Disorder (7%)
100
The date of the first documented case of H1N1 in the USA and the number of countries and territories afflicted by H1N1, respectively.
What is April 15, 2009 and 191?
200
These people should have antivirals to manage suspected H1N1
What is all hospitalized patients, outpatients with significant comorbidities (DM, COPD, Asthma, Pneumonia, Pregnant Women, Immunocomprimised Patients)
200
The name influenza comes from this language
What is Italian? (means influence) Initially, flu was ascribed to unfavorable astrological influences
200
The main limitations of a case series (observational)
What are selection bias (limits statements on the causality of correlations observed), the cases seldom represent any pre-defined population (impossible to know the frequency of observed events) and there is no denominator from which to define the frequency of the reported cases?
200
This is the most H1N1-afflicted age group in patients admitted to the hospital.
What is 18-49yo (38%, Median 21yo)
200
Factors that would make a patient more likely to require ICU admission
What are age (>18yo), Dyspnea, underlying Neurologic Disorder, Pneumonia on CXR, longer time to initiation of antivirals (>2d)?
300
These medications should be used in addition to antivirals in all patients suspected of having H1N1, pending viral and bacterial studies.
What are antibiotics (e.g. CTX + Levo; or CTX +Azithro)? (in the absence of additional risk factors)
300
Influenza is this type of virus
What is an RNA virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family?
300
The limitations of the study in question
What are: inclusion of only 25% of total H1N1 patients in the timeframe studied, voluntary participation in the study, only confirmed H1N1 cases were included (thereby excluding those who weren't tested, limited data collection for some patients (retrospective)?
300
The top three lab abnormalities in people admitted with H1N1
What are 1) elevation in liver enzymes (45%); 2) anemia (37%); 3 leukopenia (27%)
300
Out of admission within 2d of onset of symptoms, initiation of antiviral therapy within 2d, influenza vaccination status, this is the only variable associated with a positive outcome in H1N1-afflicted patients.
What is receipt of antiviral drugs within 2d of onset of illness?
400
Current interim CDC guidelines recommend these two antivirals in the management of H1N1
What are Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) 75mg PO BID or Zanamivir (Relenza)?
400
The number of people who died on average in the USA yearly from influenza (from 1979-2001)
What is 41400?
400
This is where case series sit in the "level of evidence pyramid"
What is level 5? In order: systematic reviews, RCTs, cohort studies, case control studies, case series/reports, and expert opinions.
400
These are the typical findings on CXR in patients admitted with H1N1
What are: findings consistent with pneumonia (50%); bilateral infiltrates (19%), unilobar infiltrates (10%), unilateral multilobar infiltrates (2%)
400
The mortality rate of hospitalized patients with H1N1
What is 7%?
500
The mechanism of action of Zanamivir and Oseltamivir.
What is a neuraminidase inhibitor?
500
The cause of the largest influenze pandemic in history
What is the Spanish H1N1 Flu 1918-1920? An estimated 20-100 million people died and over half the population was infected.
500
The advantages of a case series study.
What are low cost, no risk to the subject (no intervention occurs for research purposes), and completion of the study over a relatively short duration.
500
The median age of patients who were admitted to ICU or died of H1N1
What is 29yo? (~roughly resident-aged)
500
The laboratory test used to test for H1N1
What is real-time reverse-transcriptase-PCR?
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