People and Places
This Georgia governor served 3 terms, promised lower taxes, and opposed many New Deal programs.
Eugene Talmadge
The period of major economic trouble that began after the 1929 stock market crash is called the ____.
The Great Depression
This insect pest first reached Georgia in 1915 and devastated cotton crops.
The boll weevil
The New Deal programs were aimed at three goals: relief, recovery, and ____.
Reform
The United States entered World War I in this year.
1917
The president who developed the New Deal and led the country through the Great Depression and World War II.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)
Buying a stock by paying only part of the price and borrowing the rest is known as ____.
Buying on the margin
An extended period of little or no rainfall that reduced crop yields and stripped the land of nutrients is called a ____.
Drought
This 1935 law set up a fund to help retired Americans and used payroll taxes to finance it.
The Social Security Act (Social Security)
Name one homefront activity Georgians did to support the war effort (civilian contribution).
Buying war bonds; rationing; growing victory gardens
The Georgia governor elected in 1936 who worked to bring New Deal programs and federal funds to the state.
E.D. Rivers
Two major economic problems of the 1920s that weakened farmers and banks were ____ and ____.
Overproduction and falling crop prices (or bank failures; main pair: overproduction and falling prices)
Approximately how many farm workers left Georgia during the droughts of the 1920s and 1930s?
Over 375,000
Name one New Deal program that helped bring electricity to rural Georgians.
The Rural Electrification Administration (Rural Electric Administration)
About how many Georgians served in the U.S. armed forces during World War I ?
About 100,000
This Georgian, born in Columbus, became the world’s first combat pilot of African heritage and served with the French during World War I.
Eugene Bullard
In October 1929 the stock market ____ and by the end had lost about ____ of its value (write the terms or numbers).
Crashed; about 89%
Describe the Dust Bowl and explain one way it affected Georgia or the larger U.S. agricultural system.
The Dust Bowl was a series of severe droughts and dust storms that destroyed crops across parts of the U.S., causing farm failures and migration; it worsened economic stress on farmers and increased bank foreclosures.
Give two reasons why some Georgia leaders, like Eugene Talmadge, opposed the New Deal.
Believed programs were too expensive; feared increased federal power over states; concerned about effects on social equality (or that it would reduce states’ rights)
Identify two international events that helped push the U.S. into World War I.
The sinking of the Lusitania (1915) and the Zimmerman Telegram (January 1917) — also Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare
Name two large military training camps or bases located in Georgia during World War I.
Fort McPherson; Camp Benning; Camp Stewart (any two)
Explain in one or two sentences how overuse of credit, stock speculation, and overproduction combined to trigger the economic collapse of the late 1920s.
Overuse of credit let consumers and investors borrow beyond their means; stock speculation drove prices up artificially; overproduction meant supply outpaced demand. When confidence fell, investors sold, prices collapsed, consumers cut spending, and banks and businesses failed.
List three ways Georgians worked to eradicate or manage the boll weevil.
Removing boll weevils by hand; setting traps; using pesticides (eventual eradication by early 1990s)
Describe one specific success of New Deal programs in Georgia and one limitation.
rural electrification brought electricity to many farmers; Limitation — many New Deal programs did not fully end the Depression and some were blocked or not allowed in Georgia due to state opposition (Talmadge refused many programs).
Explain what “total war” meant for American civilians and describe one effect that came to Georgia because of American mobilization.
“Total war” meant the country used all resources — military and civilian — to support the war: mobilizing troops, using propaganda, rationing, and financing via bonds. For Georgia, effects included training camps being located in the state, many Georgians serving, and local economies tied to war production and mobilization.