Word Recognition
This is the relationship between letters and sounds to help students read words.
What is phonics?
The systematic teaching of listening and speaking skills (e.g., morphology, vocabulary, syntax, discourse) to build the foundational communicative competence necessary for literacy
What is spoken/oral language?
This comprehension strategy involves retelling the main points of a text in your own words.
What is summarizing?
A widening gap between skilled and struggling readers where "the rich get richer and the poor get poorer".
What is the Matthew Effect?
This U.S. state has famously had over thirteen years of continuous improvement in Grade 4 reading scores across all sub-groups.
What is Mississippi?
The ability to hear individual sounds in spoken words without needing to see them written is called this.
What is phonemic awareness?
This component of language helps us know how words are put together in sentences, like knowing the order of words.
What is syntax?
What is a helpful before-reading strategy to generate interest in the text and focus students' attention to the most important idea(s)?
What is a Purpose for Reading? What is Setting a Purpose for Reading?
Dyslexic students with focus or concentration issues may also have this condition.
What is ADHD?
These tools, mandated in over 30 states, helps determine whether a student is at risk and can benefit from early intervention.
What is a screening assessment?
This phonemic skill involves combining individual speech sounds to form words.
What is blending?
This type of language has more sophisticated structure and is often found in books, rather than everyday conversation.
What is academic language?
Conscious plans used while reading to support comprehension (e.g., making predictions, rereading, and posing questions)
What are metacognitive comprehension strategies?
This cognitive skill, often impaired in struggling readers, involves the ability to manipulate sounds in spoken words, such as blending and segmenting phonemes.
What is Phonological Awareness? /What is Phonemic Awareness?
This federal program, known as IDEA supports students who are classified for special education services?
What is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act?
This type of word part, like -ed or re-, is the smallest meaningful unit in a language.
What is a morpheme?
Words like "analyze," "predict," and "compare" are examples of these high-utility words across subjects.
What are Tier 2 vocabulary words?
These curricula are designed to systematically deepen students' knowledge by engaging them with rich texts and tasks, sometimes known as HQIM.
What are high quality instructional materials?
A neurodevelopmental learning disability affecting written expression, characterized by impaired handwriting, spelling, and fine motor planning.
What is dysgraphia?
This extensive meta-analysis in 2000 paved the way for the five pillars of reading, and evidence-based instruction.
What is the National Reading Panel report?
This model that shows how reading words requires an individual to connect print, speech, and meaning.
What is the Triangle Model?
This type of vocabulary word is tied specifically to one content area, like “metamorphosis” in science.
What is a Tier 3 word (or domain-specific vocabulary)?
According to Durkin, 1978 and Capin, 2025, researchers note that teachers primarily pose these kinds of comprehension questions.
What are surface-level questions?
The formal process of evaluating a student's cognitive, behavioral, and emotional functioning that can help support service delivery.
What is an educational neuropsychological evaluation?
This state still has not passed a comprehensive early literacy law requiring evidence-based reading instruction in K-12 schools statewide.
What is Massachussets?