Cranial Nerves
CN 1: Olfactory Nerve
What does it assess?
Smell - Sensory
Normal nodes feel moveable, discrete, soft, and non-tender
True/False
True
What type of sounds would you hear coming from the diaphragm of the stethoscope?
High-pitched sounds- breath, bowel, and normal heart sounds
The four main headings of the mental status exam
Appearance, Behavior, Cognition, and Thought Process
pg 64
A large round or oval patch of light brown pigmentation which is usually present at birth
Cafe-au-lait spot
What is Cranial Nerve VII (7)?
Facial Nerve- Facial Expressions
How do you palpate the thyroid in from the posterior approach (behind the person)
Ask the patient to lean forward and tilt the head to the right.
What type of sounds would you hear with the bell of the stethoscope?
Soft, low-pitched sounds; extra heart sounds and murmurs
This test requires a 3-item recall test and a clock-drawing test. It screens for cognitive impairment in otherwise healthy adults
The Mini-Cog
pg 73
Silver-to-pink color that appear during the 2nd trimester
Striae aka stretch marks
What is Cranial Nerve XII (12)
Hypoglossal Nerve- Speech and Tongue Movement
With subjective vertigo, the patient feels like ___ are spinning.
They
How would you exam an adult's ear using an otoscope?
Up and back
This tool screens for depression
5-9 = minimal symptoms
10-14 = minor depression
15-19 = moderate depression
> 20 = major depression
PHQ-9
Small, flat, brown, macules
Senile Lentigines aka liver spots
What is Cranial Nerve XI (11)
Accessory Nerve - shrugging shoulders, head movement
With objective vertigo, the patient feels ___ is spinning
The room/environment
A unilateral, intermittent, excruciating headache, often felt behind or around the eye, temple, forehead, or cheek
Cluster Headache
The patient sleeps most of the time, is difficult to arouse-needs loud or shout or vigorous shake; acts confused when aroused; converses in monosyllables; and speech may be mumbled or incoherent. Requires constant stimulation for even marginalized cooperation.
What is there level of consciousness?
Obtunded
pg 75
Rounded patch hair loss on the scalp, leaving broken-off hairs, pustules, and scales on the skin. They are seen in children and farmers. It is highly contagious.
Tinea Capitis (scalp ringworm)
What is Cranial Nerve X (10)
Vagus Nerve- gag reflex
This headache is usually on both sides, across the frontal, temporal, and occipital regions of the head: forehead, sides, and back of the head.
Sort of like a headband.
Tension Headache
what is a tracheal shift?
the trachea is pushed to the unaffected (healthy) side.
Is seen in aortic aneurysms, tumors, unilateral thyroid enlargement, and pneumothorax
The GAD-& screens for anxiety disorders in individuals. What are the 4 most common anxiety disorders?
generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder
pg 68
Iron deficiency anemia causes the nails to take this shape
Spoon nails