Hair Structure
Chemical Makeup
Cross Bonds
Ions and pH
ABCD's of Color
100
This is the outermost layer of the hair shaft and acts as a protective covering.
What is the cuticle
100
Human hair is primarily made up of 65%-95% of this.
What are proteins
100
These are held together by cross bonds or side bonds.
What are helix coils
100
These are the 2 types of measurements on a pH scale.
What are acid and alkaline
100
Hydrogen peroxide is the energy that activates all permanent hair color dye intermediates. We commonly refer to it as ______ as hair stylists.
What is developer
200
These are the three separate and distinct layers of the hair shaft.
What is the cuticle, cortex, and medulla
200
Atoms are the "building blocks" of these.
What are amino acids
200
These are the 3 types of cross bonds the make up the hair.
What are: hydrogen, salt, and disulfide bonds
200
This is what pH stands for.
What is protenz hydrogen or potential hydrogen
200
Oxygen from the hydrogen peroxide in developer mixes together with ______ to allow for lift and deposit of hair color.
What is ammonia
300
This is the strongest and most vital part of healthy hair. It makes of 85% of the hair's weight and the melanin are found here.
What is the cortex
300
This ingredient in the hair allows it to have flexibility.
What is carbohydrates
300
These are the most common and weakest bonds. They may be broken down by heat or water.
What are hydrogen bonds
300
The pH scale is ______, which means that moving either way on the scale results in a 10-fold increase in the degree of acidity or alkalinity.
What is logarithmic
300
This is the base of Paul Mitchell the Color, our permanent color line.
What is beeswax
400
This is the innermost portion of the hair shaft composed of soft keratin, having no specific size or shape. Air spaces and fibrils along with the soft protein.
What is the medulla
400
This ingredient in the hair allows it to have shine.
What are lipids (fatty acids)
400
This is what cross bonds look like if you were to draw a picture of them.
What are rungs on a ladder (think DNA structure)
400
This is the charge of: a.) protons b.) electrons c.) neutrons
What is: a.) positive charge b.) negative charge c.) no charge
400
This is where you can find ammonia on the pH scale. Explain why.
Where is alkaline. It causes the hair to swell, open the cuticle layer, and allow the hydrogen peroxide to release the oxygen to allow the hair color to lift and deposit. The more ammonia that is present, the more the hair will swell.
500
This is the function of the cuticle layer of the hair.
What is to protect the cortex from injury and moisture loss
500
Name the 5 main ingredients that are the chemical makeup of the hair.
What are: protein, moisture, lipids, carbohydrates, and minerals
500
These are the least in number and the strongest bonds in the hair. They may be broken down by perms, color, or relaxers.
What are disulfide bonds
500
These are made of up an equal number of electrons and protons, so the charges cancel each other out.
What are atoms
500
This is the difference between oxidative and direct dyes. Give an example of each dye in the Paul Mitchell Color System.
Oxidative: small, undeveloped dye molecule. Needs developer to work to increase the size of the color molecule 200-300 times its original size. Penetrates the cortex. Examples: The Color, PM Shines, Color Shots, Flash Finish....... Direct: Large dyes that do not need developer. Stains the cuticle and does not penetrate the cortex. Example: Ink
M
e
n
u