French Relations
How did Toussaint Louverture respond to the French’s efforts to overthrow Saint Domingue?
He surrendered
Who was the primary influential person of color in Saint Domingue?
Toussaint Louverture
What type of trade was the most prosperous in St. Domingue?
Sugar
What did Spanish garrisons in Saint Domingo provide the rebel army with?
Guns and supplies
What was the ultimate result of the Haitian Revolution?
Independence
What made Toussaint rejoin with the French in 1794?
The French gov had recently emancipated all slaves while Spain and Britain refused to.
Was commissioner Léger-Félicité Sonthonax an abolitionist?
Yes
In their height, what was Saint Domingue’s wealth based on?
Slaves, human capital.
What religion bound many enslaved Africans together in Haiti?
Voodoo
What were the revolutions that led up to Haiti's demand for freedom and independence?
The French and American Revolution
What year was the French army eradicated from the island
1803
Who brought back enslavement?
Napoleon
What form of violence was most commonly used by the revolutionaries?
Arson: burning down plantations
What was the purpose of the 1802 French expedition to Saint Domingue?
Military expedition. Forcefully take back Saint-Domingue
Who came to Saint Domingue wanting to abolish slavery and integrate people of color into government roles?
Léger-Félicité Sonthonax
What are two ways which Toussaint tried to rebuild the economy of Saint Domingue?
Asked his followers to return to work in the plantations.
Promoted trade with the US and Britain.
How many more members did the rebel army gain after they had begun revolting?
1,000 - 20,000
How many categories did one historian assign to people of different colors?
110
What did the mixed-race population request in their petition to the French government in 1791?
Mixed race delegates sent by commissioner Sonthonax asked for freedom, rights to citizenship, and equality for Saint Domingue’s slaves for fighting the armies of Britain and Spain to the French National Assembly.
What was growing up like for Toussaint Louverture?
Born in saint-domingue.
Educated (read write) by his slaveholder
Has good relationship with his master
In some ways becomes free in 1770s which enabled him to rise to leadership roles
What compromise did Toussaint try to reach with the plantation owners?
A settlement offer that proposed sending most of the rebels back to the plantation in exchange for the freedom of 200 slave leaders and better working conditions - the proposal was rejected
Where was Hispañola?
The island in the Carribean were Haiti is located