Transcribed but not translated.
What is introns?
These mutations are made possible by the degeneracy of the code.
What are silent mutations
Composed entirely of protein
What is a prion?
Distinguish between spontaneous mutations and induced mutations.
Spontaneous are due to abnormalities in the biological processes. Induced are caused by environmental agents
Small, circular pieces of DNA that exist independently of the bacterial chromosome
What is a plasmid?
Portion of the DNA strand containing an abnormal nucleotide is removed and replaced
What is nucleotide excision repair?
Two copies of a gene segregate from each other during the transmission from parent to offspring.
What is Mendel's Law of Segregation?
genetic elements that replicate independently but occasionally integrate into host DNA
What is episomes?
Distinguish between invasive and metastatic
Invasive can invade healthy tissues. Metastatic can migrate to other parts of the body
When the virsuses go into a cell and do synthesis, assembly, and release
What is the lytic cycle?
Distinguish between mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
Proto-oncogenes, when mutated become oncogenes. These keep a cell in a permanent "ON" position (like a green light always being green). Tumor suppressor genes, when mutated, don't tell cells to stop when they're mutated anymore (like a red light not working and never actually turning red).
Name the 6 general steps of the viral reproductive cycle.
Attachment, Entry, Integration, Synthesis of Viral Components, Viral Assembly, Release