Colonization and Empire
What two European powers began colonizing the Americas in the 1500s?
Spain and England
What type of republics were created when U.S. companies took over industries in Latin America?
“Banana Republics”
What does González mean by “imperial citizenship”?
People under U.S. control (like Puerto Ricans) are citizens but treated as outsiders
What was one major goal of the Chicano Movement?
Education reform and labor rights
What phrase does González use to describe today’s migration as a result of U.S. actions?
“The Harvest of Empire”
What was the Spanish approach to colonization based on?
Conquest, religion, and racial mixing
Which U.S. corporation dominated Central American banana production?
The United Fruit Company
What movement fought for equality and representation for Mexican Americans?
The Chicano Movement
What event led to the Jones-Shafroth Act in Puerto Rico (1917)?
U.S. political control after the Spanish-American War
Who does the term “WASP” describe?
White Anglo-Saxon Protestants, America’s ruling class
What U.S. war resulted in Mexico losing almost half its land?
The Mexican-American War
What U.S. act made Puerto Rico dependent on American corporations in 1900?
The Foraker Act
What policy often suppressed Latino identity through language?
“English Only” or anti-bilingual education laws
What role does activism play in social work?
It helps communities gain power and create policy change
What 1978 court case exposed the forced sterilization of Latina women in Los Angeles?
Madrigal v. Quilligan
What idea justified U.S. expansion westward, claiming it was God’s plan?
Manifest Destiny
How did NAFTA affect Mexican farmers?
It displaced many farmers and widened the wage gap
What is “cultural humility” in social work practice?
Respecting and learning from other cultures rather than judging them
What does González suggest activism can help heal?
Historical trauma and injustice
What policy in the 1920s limited Latin American immigration based on “science”?
The Immigration Act of 1924
What does González mean when he says “The roots of empire”?
That modern inequalities began with colonization and U.S. expansion
What is González’s main point about economic exploitation?
U.S. wealth often came from Latin America’s resources and labor
How does identity affect belonging for Latinos in the U.S.?
They must balance pride in their heritage with the pressure to fit into American norms
What do Latino movements challenge most directly?
Racism, inequality, and political exclusion
How are Latinos often unfairly portrayed in media and politics?
As criminals or threats, reinforcing stereotypes