And Gramma
In Words That Come Before All Else
Indian Roots of American Democracy: Everything has to be in balance
Four Directions
Ge’ gyo kwa and Awehaode Communication
100

This opening recitation is used to set everyone into a “good mind” before anything important happens.

What is the Thanksgiving Address

100

The meaning of Ohen:ton Karihwatehkwen

What are The Words That Come Before All Else, the core of the Haudenosaunee view of the universe 

100

The Haudenosaunee have a ___ society

What is a Matrilineal society? 

How does the author portray this? 

100

In this reading, this number is treated as a recurring pattern that structures the world (directions, winds, seasonal cycles)

What is 4?

100

Unlike Western academic writing, Awehode Communication relies primarily on this method to transmit oral histories.

What is storytelling?

200

What happens if Tradition does not bend or change

What is "it dies"?

200

The elements are constant, and none is forgotten

What is the Thanksgiving Address?

The structure and reason for giving thanks are always the same

200

"We have a sacred responsibility because of the special gift that we have, which is beyond the fine gifts of the plant life, the fish, the woodlands, the birds, and all the other living things on earth. We are able to take care of them."

Why are humans in a very sacred trust with the Earth?

200

This term is used for a set of beings associated with the sky who are also described as messengers/helpers

Who are the Four Sky Dweller Beings? 

200

This is the rough English translation for the Mohawk term Awehaode in the context of Awehaode Communication

What are “soft, kind, and embracing words”?

300

The correct way to recite the Opening Prayer

What is "no correct way"?

300

The definition of Onkwehonwe and the story that defines them

Who are the Original Beings? What is The Creation Story? 

Why did the author say that one must be proud of their origin if they are to survive in today's world? 

300

"Making a home and a life together and taking care of one another is what we call it in our language." In English

What is marriage? 

300

The Four Winds aren’t just weather; the reading frames them as having this kind of role in the spiritual world

What is a messenger/helper?

300

This interactive workshop frames colonization with a focus on the future, and it is intended to educate listeners about the resilience of the Haudenosaunee throughout history

What is Circle Wampum & Condolence Workshop?

400

One of the words to reaffirm a prayer as a group

What is "tho" or "huh"?

400

"Some say we are even the ____ child of Creation."

Who are the youngest children of Creation?

How does the author illustrate this? 

400

"In the last few years it has become a trend for women to feel that they need to do something to become more than a woman, or more than what a woman's responsibilities are. But this is something that we have always had within our society." Discusses

What are gender roles?

How does the author describe gender and gender roles in Haudenosaunee culture? How does that differ from broader societal norms? 

400

The direction the Haudenosaunee walk during a Longhouse Ceremony 

What is counterclockwise?

400

In Two Row, this represents the Haudenosaunee culture

What is the canoe?

500

According to the reading, humans are most likely to need reminders because we tend to do this

What is "forget"?
500

The Right-Handed and Left-Handed twin represent 

What is good and evil?

How do the Haudenosaunee view good and evil? 

500

"Everybody wants to look for a way that we might live in peace together" is a comment on

What is balance?

Reflect on how balance is shown in the reading

500

The number Two represents in the count to 10

Who are the Sky Woman's twins?

500

The central principle shown by the canoe and ship traveling side by side without interference

What is respectful coexistence?

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