Scenarios
First responders arriving at a highway crash involving a overturned semi-truck notice a 4-digit ID number displayed on an orange panel. What resource will be used to help identify the material?
What is the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
To prevent secondary exposure, FRO-level firefighters setting up scene control zones establish this intermediate zone, which houses the Decontamination Corridor between the Hot Zone and Cold Zone
What is the Warm Zone?
A patient exposed to an unknown chemical presents with Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, and Emesis. First responders immediately recognize this acronym (SLUDGE) as a indicator of exposure to this class of chemical agents or pesticides.
What are organophosphates? (Acceptable: Nerve agents / Cholinergics)
Before confirming a chemical compound on scene, the Hazardous Incident Response Team (HIRT) requires at least this many sources of product identification.
3
Per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120, the Incident Commander must designate an Incident Safety Officer and assign this type of backup crew standing by with equipment ready for rescue.
What is a Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)?
Firefighters respond to a warehouse odor complaint and locate a fixed storage tank marked with a diamond-shaped placard. The blue sector of the diamond displays a "3," indicating a high degree of this specific hazard type.
What is a Health Hazard? (Acceptable: Health hazard level)
During a multi-vehicle pileup on an interstate, a tanker carrying liquefied petroleum gas is leaking. Firefighters apply a blanket of Class B firefighting foam over the pooling product primarily to accomplish this physical effect.
What is vapor suppression?
Firefighters responding to a residential structure fire find a victim exhibiting headache, confusion, pink-tinted skin, and an oxygen saturation reading of 100% on a standard pulse oximeter. Responders suspect poisoning from this tasteless, odorless toxic gas.
What is carbon monoxide (CO)?
Natural gas consists primarily (97%) of methane, is lighter than air, and has a specific gravity falling within this numerical range.
What is 0.60 to 0.70
Central Zone initial scene memory-aid S.I.N. stands for these three foundational response actions.
What are Safety, Isolation, and Notification
At a clandestine drug lab scenario, firefighters find multiple compressed gas cylinders missing their valve caps and showing signs of heavy rust. The immediate threat of a mechanical explosion from valve failure falls under this specific hazard category.
What is a BLEVE? (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion)
When performing emergency decontamination on a victim covered in unknown liquid, FRO firefighters should perform what actions first to begin decon process?
Go on air & Remove clothing
During on-scene gross decontamination of PPE, both firefighters must continuously stay in this operational status while being cleaned from head-to-toe and front-to-back
What is "on air"? (or wearing/breathing SCBA)
In an underground natural gas leak scenario, firefighters must check all surrounding structures because gas can migrate beyond the break via these pathways.
What are underground channels
Establishing criteria for cleanup and disposal, as well as declaring a site safe for public re-entry, are primary responsibilities managed by this agency.
What is the Environmental Health Agency? (or DEH-HIRT / Local HIRT
An unknown liquid spill at a university laboratory is vaporizing rapidly. To determine if the invisible vapors will pool along the floor or rise into the air, the Incident Commander compares the vapor's mass to air, a ratio known by this term.
What is vapor density?
Under NFPA 470 standards, an FRO firefighter performing mass emergency decon during a mass-casualty HazMat incident relies primarily on high volume and low pressure of this common substance to flush contaminants off victims.
What is water
At an industrial facility spill, several workers present with rapid breathing, almond-scented breath, and extreme hypoxia despite appearing to receive oxygen. FRO and EMS personnel prepare to assist with administration of this specific antidote kit.
What is a Cyanide Antidote Kit? (Acceptable: Cyanokit / Hydroxocobalamin)
According to Policy 13-A, natural gas is composed primarily of methane (97%) along with a small percentage of this secondary hydrocarbon gas.
What is ethane
Policy 19-A recommends that when cleaning dirty PPE off-scene, fire agencies follow advanced washing techniques as described by this specific NFPA standard.
What is NFPA 1851
During a train derailment involving a toxic industrial chemical, crews monitor weather conditions closely because this specific atmospheric phenomenon—where warm air traps cold air beneath it—can prevent the chemical cloud from dispersing.
What is a thermal inversion? (Acceptable: Temperature inversion)
An FRO unit responding to a gas leak sets up a perimeter. When selecting the initial isolation distance using the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG), they must use the green-bordered pages if the chemical is classified under this specific ERG category.
What is a Toxic Inhalation Hazard (TIH)? (Acceptable: Water-reactive material / Chemical dangerous when wet)
Per S-134 these types of patients should be transported to a facility with a hyperbaric chamber
Unconscious OR pregnant
Propane has a flammable range between its Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) of 2.1% and its Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) of this percentage in air.
What is 9.5%
Unless confirmed as a minor incident with no escalation potential, the initial response dispatch for a reported or suspected hazardous materials release should be this level assignment.
What is a full first alarm assignment?