An organisms ability to change a substance into different chemicals.
What is metabolism?
100
The the four routes of exposure to a toxicant
What are dermal, inhalation, ingestion, injection?
100
A xenobiotic that effects primarily the brain
What is a neurotoxin?
100
Hazard and Exposure combine to create
What is risk?
100
This measurement (in units of mg/kg) is the dose that produces death in half of the subjects
What is LD50?
200
The time needed after the end of exposure to reduce the amount in the organism by 50%
What is half-life?
200
This duration of exposure occurs for many years or a lifetime
What is chronic exposure?
200
Tritium and Strontium-90 are examples of this class of pollutants
What are radionuclides?
200
Evaluation of potential adverse effects of an activity or exposure
What is risk assessment?
200
Barrier that prevents some agents from moving into brain tissue
What is the blood-brain barrier?
300
Main site for absorption for ingested agents.
What is the small intestine?
300
The amount of an agent that produces a reaction (two words)
What is Dose/Response?
300
He said "The sensitivity of the individual differentiates a poison from a remedy. The fundamental principle of toxicology is the individual's response to a dose."
Who is Paracelsus?
300
Process of reducing magnitudes of risk
What is risk management?
300
The acronym NOEL stands for
What is No observed adverse effect level?
400
One of the fathers of modern epidemiology, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, London, in 1854
Who is John Snow?
400
A group of inorganic chemicals common at wastes sites and commonly toxic. Because they are elements, they can’t be decomposed in the environment or metabolized in the human body
What are heavy metals?
400
Regulations, cleanup costs, location, consequences, nature vs human source, publicity are all examples of things that effect
What is risk perception?
400
The dose thought to insure protection
What is reference dose?
500
These molecules bind to metals in the blood and facilitate more rapid excretion
What are chelators (or chelating agents)?
500
Units of measuring a dose
What amount of substance (mg)/body weight (kg)/day
500
When exposures to two chemicals reduces the toxic effects of each individual chemical
What is antagonistic?
500
Age, genetics, gender, current or prior illness, nutrition, and history of exposure effect
What is individual sensitivity?
500
The usual measure for variability of a toxic response, representing 68% of the responses