Cellular Respiration
Homeostasis, Cell Structure/Function
Cell Transport
Cell Cycle & Cancer
The Central Dogma
Heredity
Natural Selection & Evolution
100
During the process of aerobic respiration, energy stored in food is transferred to molecules of:
ATP
100
Damage to what organelle will most directly disrupt water balance within a single-celled organism?
cell membrane
100
Methods A and B are classified as methods of passive transport because
ATP
100
Use the following three words to finish this short paragraph about cancer: DNA, growth, and tumor.
Cancer is the result of uncontrolled cell ____.
It normally starts with mutations to _______.
Eventually, a _______ forms in the body.
Order is: Growth, DNA, Tumor.
100
If 35% of an organism's DNA is thymine, what is the percentage of guanine?
15%
100
Which letter(s) in the diagram below correspond to cells that are haploid?
C
100
Mutations that occur in skin or lung cells have little effect on the evolution of a species because mutations in these cells....
Cannot be passed on to offspring (somatic vs germline cells)
200
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one electron transport molecule to another and are finally accepted by
an oxygen molecule
200
Which organelle is correctly paired with its function?
A. nucleus - provides carbohydrates for
fermentation
B. chloroplasts - serves as a site for
photosynthesis
C. centriole - synthesizes digestive enzymes
D. lysosome - packages cellular products
B
200
Which process is best represented in this diagram?
active transport
200
If a cell has 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis.
8
200
The sequence of bases in one strand of a DNA molecule is arranged in the order adenine-guanine-thymine-cytosine. The sequence of bases in the complementary strand is
thymine-cytosine-adenine-guanine
200
When getting an X-ray taken at the doctor’s office, you notice the technician cover you with a heavy vest. This vest, you are told, contains lead, a metal that can block X-rays, which are a form of radiation. The technician covers your torso, and folds the vest over double across your reproductive organs (testes/ovaries). This is done because radiation can damage the DNA of theses organs, causing a mutation you may pass to children. Substances like radiation and other certain chemicals are known as mutagens because
they cause mutations in the sequence of DNA.
200
The adaptations of a pelican include it's long, pouch-like beak. Why is the beak of the pelican an example of adaptation?
The shape and structure of the beak are inherited and help the pelican survive in its environment.
300
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
300
Plant cells can synthesize energy-rich organic molecules, and later break them down to extract that energy for performing life processes. These activities require direct interaction between the
chloroplasts & mitochondria
300
Which molecule would require the use of energy in order to be brought into the cell?
4
300
________________is a critical point where stop and go signals can regulate the cycle. These are controlled by ______.
Checkpoint; Cyclins
300
Velma is developing a computer model of translation. Her instructor points out that the model does not include ribosomes or ribosomal RNA. If the model is accurate in other ways, how does the absence of ribosomes and ribosomal RNA affect it?
Amino acids would not join together, and no polypeptides would form.
300
How would you categorize a genetic disorder that is equally likely in males and females and is caused by the presence of two affected alleles?
Autosomal recessive disorder
300
Natural Selection is also known as "survival of the fittest." What does it mean to be "fit"? Define this word and give an example of how an organism can be fit.
Fitness simply means reproductive success and reflects how well an organism is adapted to its environment.
Examples vary.
400
Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is at least partly due to
the presence of lactic acid from fermentation by muscle cells
400
The pancreas is an organ present in some animals. It produces enzymes that are used in the digestive system of the animal. Which cell structure is likely to be abundant inside pancreas cells?
Ribosomes, because enzymes are synthesized on ribosomes.
400
The diagram represents a plant leaf cell and two different molecules used in the process of glucose synthesis.
Molecules 1 and 2 enter the cell and glucose leaves the cell through the process of
diffusion
400
Which part of the model represents S phase?
II
400
Some steps involved in DNA replication and protein synthesis are summarized in the table below.
In which step would a mutagen lead directly to the formation of an altered gene?
Step A
400
The American Curl is a breed of cat that has curly ears. The allele for the curly ears is dominant (E). Supposed a cat with the heterozygous genotype is bred to a female cat with the homozygous recessive genotype.
Draw a punnet square that shows a cross between the two cats.
Write the phenotypic ratio of the offspring.
Male cat genotype:Ee
Female cat genotype:ee
50% chance offspring will have the genotype Ee, 50% chance the offspring will have the ee genotype.
400
The graphs below show the changes in crab color at one beach.
What most likely caused the change in distribution?
A change in beach color made medium-tan crabs the most visible to predators.
Would accept: a new predator arrived that preferred medium-tan crabs.
500
Chemiosmosis involves the movement of what? Where does it occur?
Chemiosmosis involves the pumping of protons through special channels in the membranes of mitochondria from the inner to the outer compartment. The pumping establishes a proton (H+) gradient. After the gradient is established, protons diffuse down the gradient through a transport protein called ATP synthase.
500
For each of the following, indicate if the structure is found only in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, cytoplasm, and DNA.
Cell membrane: both
mitochondria: only prokaryotes
nucleus: only eukaryotes
ribosomes: both
Golgi apparatus: only eukaryotes
cytoplasm: both
DNA: both.
500
The diagram represents red blood cells placed in three test tubes, each containing a different salt solution.
Describe solution C.
The concentration of dissolved salt in the solution is greater than the concentration in the cells.
500
Oncogenes are mutated forms of what kind of gene?
Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presence of an oncogene lead to the formation of a tumor?
Proto-oncogenes = gas pedal
Cell becomes overactivated and continues to divide rapidly without regulation of the cell cycle.
500
Explain the difference between gene mutations and chromosome mutations. Give and example of a genetic disorder caused by each.
Gene mutation is an alteration of the nucleotide sequence of a gene whereas chromosomal mutation is an alteration of the structure or number of chromosomes.
Examples vary.
500
In humans, a widow's peak is dominant to a straight hairline, and freckles are dominant to no freckles. Two parents that are heterozygous for BOTH traits have children.
Use W for hair, and F for freckles. List the genotypes of the parents and then complete a dihybrid cross for their potential offspring. List the phenotypic ratio of the offspring once you have completed the cross.
The order of the genotypes is: Freckled with widow's peak: Freckled, straight hairline: no freckles with widow's peak: no freckles, straight hairline.
9:3:3:1
500
The graph below represents the populations of two different species in an ecosystem over a period of several years.
What is the best possible explanation for the changes shown?
(Hint: think back to ecological species interations)
Species B is a parasite that has benefited from species A.